125th St. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

125th St..Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. Public Domain ClipArt Stock Photos and Images.

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125th Street is a two-way street that runs east-west in the New York City borough of Manhattan, considered the "Main Street" of Harlem; It is also called Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard.

The western part of the street runs diagonally through the neighborhood of Manhattanville from the north-west from an interchange with the Henry Hudson Parkway at 130th Street. East of Morningside Avenue it runs east-west through central Harlem to an interchange with F.D.R. Drive by the East River, where it becomes the Manhattan leg of the Triborough Bridge. Many sections of the street have been gentrified and developed with such stores as Old Navy, H&M, CVS/pharmacy, and Magic Johnson Theaters. The historical Apollo Theater is here.

West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed on to the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. What remains of the original alignment of 125th Street is called La Salle Street, which runs between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, 125th Street (Manhattan)

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Ebenezer Baptist Church,

Ebenezer Baptist Church,. Public Domain ClipArt Stock Photos and Images. Ownership: Information presented on this website Martin Luther King, Jr. NHS: Historic Resource Study, unless otherwise indicated, is considered in the public domain.

Disclaimer: Information presented on this website U.S. Department of the Interior is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested.

Ebenezer Baptist Church, located at 407-413 Auburn Avenue, is part of a tradition of church building that existed in the Sweet Auburn community in the first decades of the twentieth century. Big Bethel A.M.E. Church of 1904 and 1924, located at 220 Auburn Avenue,

Wheat Street Baptist Church of 1920-1923, located at 365 Auburn Avenue, and Ebenezer of 1914-1922, are substantial buildings erected by a prosperous black community and built in the popular styles of their day. That these buildings soar above Auburn Avenue suggests both their spiritual importance and their place in the early twentieth century Sweet Auburn skyline.

Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site, Ebenezer Baptist Church, 407 Auburn Avenue Northeast, Atlanta, Fulton County, GA. Interior, view from behind pulpit, looking toward balcony. Historic American Buildings Survey< #HABS GA-2169-F. Library of Congress call #HABS GA,61-ATLA,54-2. The records in HABS/HAER were created for the U.S. Government and are considered to be in the public domain.

Creator: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Historic American Buildings Survey. Source: U.S. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division "Built in America" Collection, reproduction number HABS GA-2169-F. Copyright: "The records in HABS/HAER were created for the U.S. Government and are considered to be in the public domain.

Ebenezer was designed in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Popular in the United States as a residential style from 1840-1880, Gothic Revival remained a common choice for ecclesiastical buildings well into the twentieth century. Although Gothic forms never completely disappeared in English church architecture, Gothic reemerged as a style of architecture during the middle of the eighteenth century with the work of William Kent and Horace Walpole.

Nearly a century later, it was promoted in the United States by Alexander Jackson Davis. Its popularity increased, however, through the work of Andrew Jackson Downing, whose pattern books, Cottage Residences, Rural Architecture and Landscape Gardening of 1842 and The Architecture of Country Houses of 1850, circulated widely.

Lyndhurst, the Tarrytown, New York residence designed by Davis in 1838 and 1865, and Richard Upjohn's Trinity Church in New York City of 1839-1846 are among the most influential buildings of the period and include such elements as pointed-arched window openings, wall buttresses, towers, castellated parapets, and steeply pitched roofs. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Upjohn's archeological approach to church design gave way to more eclectic church buildings. Later Gothic Revival churches include both traditional Gothic design elements, elements borrowed from other styles, and original motifs.

Ebenezer is a two-story, rectangular brick church with two large towers at each end of the Auburn Avenue facade (photograph 24). These towers flank a steeply pitched gable roof that contains two pairs of cross gables. The southernmost pair corresponds to a transept and contains a large, three-part Gothic window in each gable end. The brickwork at the lower level is covered with gray stucco and scored to resemble stone.

The main facade is essentially divided into three bays. The towers, which comprise the two outer bays, are buttressed at the first and second levels and contain stained glass and louvered lancet windows. Merlons are located in the corners of the tower parapets. The center bay contains the main entrance at ground level, three narrow, stained-glass windows at the second level, and a three-part Gothic window in the gable end.

Two-story buttresses divide the side elevations into nine bays, with the tower comprising the northernmost bay and the chancel expressed in the southernmost bay. These bays are punctuated at the lower level by segmental-arched windows with the second-floor bays marked by tall, stained-glass windows. Brick panels mark the division between the first and second floors.

The rear elevation has been largely obscured by a one-story, hip-roofed addition built in 1971. An oculus, located high in the gable end, remains visible. The two-story Education Building, constructed in 1956 and rehabilitated in 1971, similarly obscures the east elevation. Brick beltcourses, panels, corbels, and window hoods ornament the front and side elevations of Ebenezer and to a lesser extent the Education Building. Brick ornamentation of this type is common in public and commercial buildings throughout the Sweet Auburn community from the early part of the twentieth century through the 1930s.

The church auditorium is located at the second level, above the below-grade meeting hall. It is an open, rectangular space, with the pulpit and choir elevated on a platform and a balcony across the rear of the sanctuary. The walls are white plaster, and the pitched ceiling is pressed metal, also painted white. The gently sloped floor is oak and contains a central and two narrower side ranks of pews. Transepts feature stained glass portraits of Rev. A. D. Williams and Rev. Martin Luther King, Sr. Martin Luther King, Jr. NHS: Historic Resource Study.

Carter G. Woodson

Carter G. Woodson. Public Domain ClipArt Stock Photos and Images. Creator: Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information. Domestic Operations. Branch. News Bureau. (06/13/1942 - 09/15/1945) ( Most Recent). Type of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials.

Level of Description: Item from Record Group 208: Records of the Office of War Information, 1926 - 1951. Location: Still Picture Records LICON, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S),

National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 PHONE: 301-837-3530, FAX: 301-837-3621, EMAIL: stillpix@nara.gov

Production Date: 1943 Part of: Series: Artworks and Mockups for Cartoons Promoting the War Effort and Original Sketches by Charles Alston, ca. 1942 - ca. 1945. Scope & Content Note: Carter G. Woodson - with biographical paragraphs.

Access Restrictions: Unrestricted. Use Restrictions: Unrestricted

Specific Records Type: cartoons (humorous images) Variant Control Number(s): NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-208-COM-78

Copy 1 Copy Status: Preservation. Storage Facility: National Archives at College Park - Archives II (College Park, MD). Media Media Type: Artwork. Index Terms. Subjects Represented in the Archival Material. African Americans, Arts, World War, 1939-1945

Contributors to Authorship and/or Production of the Archival Materials Alston, Charles Henry, 1907-1977, Artist

Carter G. Woodson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carter Godwin Woodson (b. December 19, 1875, New Canton, Buckingham County, Virginia — d. April 3, 1950, Washington, D.C.) was an African American historian, author, journalist and the founder of Black History Month. He is considered the first to conduct a scholarly effort to popularize the value of Black History. He recognized and acted upon the importance of a people having an awareness and knowledge of their contributions to humanity and left behind an impressive legacy. He was a member of the first black fraternity Sigma Pi Phi and a member of Omega Psi Phi as well.

Woodson was the son of former slaves James and Eliza Riddle Woodson. His father had helped the Union soldiers during the Civil War, and afterwards moved his family to West Virginia when he heard they were building a high school for blacks in Huntington. Coming from a large, poor family, Carter could not regularly attend such schools, but through self-instruction he was able to master the fundamentals of common school subjects by the time he was 17.

Ambitious for more education Woodson went to Fayette County to earn a living as a miner in the coal fields, but was only able to devote a few months each year to his schooling. In 1895 at the age of twenty, Carter entered Douglass High School where he received his diploma in less than two years. From 1897 to 1900, Carter G. Woodson began teaching in Fayette County. In 1900, he became the principal of Douglass High School. Woodson finally received his Bachelor of Literature degree from Berea College in Kentucky. From 1903 to 1907 he was a school supervisor in the Philippines. He then attended the University of Chicago where he received his M.A. in 1908, and in 1912 he received his Ph.D. in history from Harvard University.

In 1915, Woodson and Jesse E. Moorland co-founded the Association for the Study of African American Life and History

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Bessye J. Bearden

Creator: Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information. Domestic Operations. Branch. News Bureau. (06/13/1942 - 09/15/1945) ( Most Recent) Type of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials. Level of Description: Item from Record Group 208: Records of the Office of War Information, 1926 - 1951. Location: Still Picture Records LICON, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S),

National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 PHONE: 301-837-3530, FAX: 301-837-3621, EMAIL: stillpix@nara.gov

Production Date: 1943. Part of: Series: Artworks and Mockups for Cartoons Promoting the War Effort and Original Sketches by Charles Alston, ca. 1942 - ca. 1945. Scope & Content Note: Bessye J. Bearden - with biographical paragraphs.

Access Restrictions: Unrestricted. Use Restrictions: Unrestricted. Specific Records Type: cartoons (humorous images) Variant Control Number(s): NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-208-COM-85.

Copy 1 Copy Status: Preservation Storage Facility: National Archives at College Park - Archives II (College Park, MD) Media Media Type: Artwork Index Terms Subjects Represented in the Archival Material. African Americans. Arts. World War, 1939-1945

Contributors to Authorship and/or Production of the Archival Materials Alston, Charles Henry, 1907-1977, Artist

Bessye J. Bearden From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bessye J. Bearden was an American journalist and mother of artist Romare Bearden.

Bessye J. Bearden was born in North Carolina to George T. and Carrie O. Banks. She attended public schools in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

She married R. Howard Bearden and this union produced a son, Romare.

For several years she served as a New York correspondent for the Chicago Defender.

Bearden has the distinction of being one of the first black women to serve as a member of New York City's Board of Education. She was also the founder and president of the Colored Women's Democratic League.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Bessye J. Bearden

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Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr.

Information presented on this website (THIS IMAGE) is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) • U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) These images (or other media files) are in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain.

OWNERSHIP Information presented on this web site (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) | U.S. Department of Transportation) is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. (THIS IMAGE) Generally speaking, works created by U.S. Government employees are not eligible for copyright protection in the United States. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office.

Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. was an American inventor whose curiosity and innovation led him to develop several commercial products, the successors of which are still in use today. A practical man of humble beginnings, Morgan devoted his life to creating items that made the lives of common people safer and more convenient.

Among his creations was the three-position traffic signal, a traffic management device that greatly improved safety along America's streets and roadways. Morgan's technology was the basis for the modern-day traffic signal and was a significant contribution to development of what we now know as Intelligent Transportation Systems.

The Inventor's Early Life

Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. was born in Paris, Kentucky on March 4, 1877. His parents were former slaves. Morgan spent his early childhood attending school and working with his brothers and sisters on the family farm. He left Kentucky while still a teenager, moving north to Cincinnati, Ohio in search of employment.

An industrious youth, Morgan spent most of his adolescence working as a handyman for a wealthy Cincinnati landowner. Similar to many African Americans of his generation, whose circumstances compelled them to begin working at an early age, Morgan's formal education ended after elementary school. Eager to expand his knowledge, however, the precocious teenager hired a tutor and continued his studies in English grammar while living in Cincinnati.

In 1895, Morgan moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he worked as a sewing machine repair man for a clothing manufacturer. Experimenting with gadgets and materials to discover better ways of performing his trade became Morgan's passion. News of his proficiency for fixing things traveled fast and led to numerous job opportunities with various manufacturing firms throughout the Cleveland area.

Morgan opened his own sewing equipment and repair shop in 1907. It was the first of several businesses he would start. In 1909, he expanded the enterprise to include a tailoring shop which retained 32 employees. The new company made coats, suits and dresses, all sewn with equipment the budding inventor had made himself.

In 1920 Morgan started the Cleveland Call newspaper. As the years progressed, he became a prosperous and widely respected businessman. His prosperity enabled him to purchase a home and an automobile. Morgan's experiences driving through the streets of Cleveland are what led him to invent the nation's first patented three-position traffic signal.

The Three-Position Traffic Signal

The first American-made automobiles were introduced to U.S. consumers shortly before the turn of the century. Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 and with it American consumers began to discover the adventures of the open road.

At that time, it was not uncommon for bicycles, animal-powered carts and motor vehicles to share the same thoroughfares with pedestrians. Accidents frequently occurred between the vehicles. After witnessing a collision between an automobile and a horse-drawn carriage, Morgan was convinced that something should be done to improve traffic safety.

While other inventors are reported to have experimented with and even marketed their own three-position traffic signals, Garrett A. Morgan was the first to apply for and acquire a U.S. patent for such a device. The patent was granted on November 20, 1923. Morgan later had the technology patented in Great Britain and Canada as well.

Prior to Morgan's invention, most of the traffic signals in use featured only two positions: Stop and Go. Manually operated, these two-position traffic signals were an improvement over no signal at all, but because they allowed no interval between the Stop and Go commands, collisions at busy intersections were common during the transition moving from one street to the other.

Another problem with the two-position traffic signals was the susceptibility to human error. Operator fatigue invariably resulted in erratic timing of the Stop and Go command changes, which confused both drivers and pedestrians. At night, when traffic officers were off duty, motorists frequently ignored the signals altogether.

The Morgan traffic signal was a T-shaped pole unit that featured three positions: Stop, Go and an all-directional stop position. The third position halted traffic in all directions before it allowed travel to resume on either of the intersection's perpendicular roads. This feature not only made it safer for motorists to pass through intersections, but also allowed pedestrians to cross more safely.

At night, or at other times when traffic was minimal, the Morgan signal could be positioned in a half-mast posture, alerting approaching motorists to proceed through the intersection with caution. The half-mast position had the same signaling effect as the flashing red and yellow lights of today's traffic signals.

Morgan's traffic management technology was used throughout North America until it was replaced by the red, yellow and green-light traffic signals currently used around the world. The inventor eventually sold the rights to his traffic signal to the General Electric Corporation for $40,000. Shortly before his death, in 1963, Morgan was awarded a citation for the traffic signal by the U.S. Government.

Another Significant Contribution to Public Safety

In 1912, Morgan received a patent on a Safety Hood and Smoke Protector. Two years later, a refined model of this early gas mask won a gold medal at the International Exposition of Sanitation and Safety, and another gold medal from the International Association of Fire Chiefs.

On July 25, 1916, Morgan made national news for using his gas mask to rescue several men trapped during an explosion in an underground tunnel beneath Lake Erie. Following the rescue, Morgan's company was bombarded with requests from fire departments around the country that wished to purchase the new life-saving masks. The Morgan gas mask was later refined for use by U.S. soldiers during World War I.

As word spread across North America and England about Morgan's life-saving inventions, such as the gas mask and the traffic signal, demand for these products grew far beyond his home town. He was frequently invited to conventions and public exhibitions around the country to show how his inventions worked. THE GARRETT A. MORGAN TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION FUTURES PROGRAM

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