General Robert Edward Lee

Robert E. Lee full-length, standing, April 1865. Photographed by Mathew B. Brady This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years.

See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain In the United States,

This inage is also in the public domain in countries that figure copyright from the date of death of the artist (post mortem auctoris in this case January 15, 1896) and that most commonly runs for a period of 50 to 100 years from December 31st of that year.

Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19, 1807, at "Stratford" in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the fifth child born to Henry "Light-Horse Harry" Lee and his second wife, Ann Hill (Carter) Lee. He grew up in an area where George Washington was still a living memory. Robert had many ties to Revolutionary War heroes.

Educated in the Alexandria, Virginia, schools, he obtained appointment to West Point in 1825. In 1829, Robert E. Lee graduated second in the class without a single demerit against his name. He was commissioned a brevet 2nd Lieutenant of Engineers.

On June 30, 1831, he married Mary Ann Randolph Custis. They had seven children. All three of their sons served in the Confederate army. George Washington Custis and William Henry Fitzhugh ("Rooney") attained the rank of Major General and Robert E. Lee, Jr., that of Captain. The latter served as a private in the Rockbridge Artillery at the Battle of Antietam.

During the Mexican War, Robert E. Lee was promoted to Colonel due to his gallantry and distinguished conduct in performing vital scouting missions.

In 1852, he became Superintendent of the Military Academy. In 1855, Secretary of War Jefferson Davis transferred Lee from staff to line and was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel 2nd Cavalry. He was then sent to West Texas, where he served from 1857-1861. In February of 1861, General Winfield Scott recalled Lee from Texas when the lower South seceded from the Union.

Politically, Robert E. Lee was a Whig. Ironically, he was attached strongly to the Union and to the Constitution. He entertained no special sympathy for slavery.

When Virginia withdrew from the Union, Lee resigned his commission rather than assist in suppressing the insurrection. His resignation was two days following the offer of Chief of Command of U.S. forces under Scott. He then proceeded to Richmond to become Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval forces of Virginia. When these forces joined Confederate services, he was appointed Brig. Gen. in the Regular Confederate States.

Lee returned to Richmond in March of 1862 to become military advisor to President Davis. Whenever he had a plan, General Lee took the initiative and acted at once. Cutting off supplies and reinforcements executed by Jackson at Seven Pines was a successful Confederate venture. He also stopped McClellan's threat to Richmond during the Seven Days Battle (June 26-July 2, 1861). At the Battle of Second Manassas, Lee defeated Pope. At the Battle of Antietam, his Northern thrust was checked by McClellan; however, he repulsed Burnside at Fredericksburg in December of 1862. In May of 1863, Gen. Lee defeated Gen. Hooker at Chancellorsville, but was forced onto the strategic defensive after Gettysburg in July. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the village of Appomattox Court House.

After the surrender, Lee returned to Richmond. He assumed the presidency of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University). His example of conduct for thousands of ex-Confederates made him a legend even before his death on October 12, 1870. General Robert E. Lee is buried at Lexington, Virginia. Antietam National Battlefield

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Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Cold Harbor

	Title: Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant standing by a tree in front of a tent, Cold Harbor, Va., ca. 06/1864 by photographs taken by Mathew Brady (1823-1896) and his associates High Resolution Image and Alternate version Other Names: Second Cold Harbor. Location: Hanover County. Campaign: Grant’s Overland Campaign (May-June 1864). Date(s): May 31-June 12, 1864.

Principal Commanders: Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Maj. Gen. George G. Meade [US]; Gen. Robert E. Lee [CS]. Forces Engaged: 170,000 total (US 108,000; CS 62,000). Estimated Casualties: 15,500 total (US 13,000; CS 2,500)

Description: On May 31, Sheridan’s cavalry seized the vital crossroads of Old Cold Harbor. Early on June 1, relying heavily on their new repeating carbines and shallow entrenchments, Sheridan’s troopers threw back an attack by Confederate infantry. Confederate reinforcements arrived from Richmond and from the Totopotomoy Creek lines. Late on June 1, the Union VI and XVIII Corps reached Cold Harbor and assaulted the Confederate works with some success. By June 2, both armies were on the field, forming on a seven-mile front that extended from Bethesda Church to the Chickahominy River. At dawn June 3, the II and XVIII Corps, followed later by the IX Corps, assaulted along the Bethesda Church-Cold Harbor line and were slaughtered at all points.

Grant commented in his memoirs that this was the only attack he wished he had never ordered. The armies confronted each other on these lines until the night of June 12, when Grant again advanced by his left flank, marching to James River. On June 14, the II Corps was ferried across the river at Wilcox’s Landing by transports. On June 15, the rest of the army began crossing on a 2,200-foot long pontoon bridge at Weyanoke. Abandoning the well-defended approaches to Richmond, Grant sought to shift his army quickly south of the river to threaten Petersburg. The American Battlefield Protection Program

Result(s): Confederate victory. CWSAC Reference #: VA062. Preservation Priority: I.1 (Class A) . National Park Unit: Richmond NB

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The Tragic Prelude. John Brown

Name: John Brown Tragic Prelude. Description: The Tragic Prelude. John Brown. Copy of mural by John Steuart Curry in the State Capitol in Topeka, KS, ca. 1937-42. (National Park Service) Exact Date Shot Unknown NARA FILE #: 079-CWC-3F-10 WAR & CONFLICT BOOK #: 115. Released to Public High Resolution Image

Source: Defense Visual Information Center Still HDSN9901774. Date: Date Shot: 1 Jan 1937. Author: John Steuart Curry, for the Creator, Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Civil War Centennial Commission.

Permission: This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. See Copyright.

Note: This only applies to works of the Federal Government and not to the work of any individual U.S. state, territory, commonwealth, county, municipality, or any other subdivision.

other_versions: The Tragic Prelude. John Brown. Copy of mural by John Steuart Curry in the State Capitol in Topeka, Kansas, circa 1937-42., 1957 - 1965. ARC Identifier: 520060. Local Identifier: 79-CWC-3F(10). Access Restrictions: Unrestricted. Use Restrictions: Unrestricted.

Bleeding Kansas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians" elements that took place in Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1858 attempting to influence whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state. The term "Bleeding Kansas" was coined by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune. The events in Bleeding Kansas directly presaged the American Civil War.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territory and provided the cause of the ensuing guerilla warfare. Enshrined in the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which nullified the Missouri Compromise, is the principle now known as "popular sovereignty", an idea heavily supported by U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas, chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories. Popular sovereignty was an attempt to offer concessions to the Southern states through making possible the expansion of slavery into both western and northern territories. Popular sovereignty, also known in Kansas Territory as squatter sovereignty, was first developed by U.S. Senator Lewis Cass.

The act established that the question of the expansion of slavery in the new states of Kansas and Nebraska would be decided by the inhabitants of the states. Initially, it was assumed that few slaveowners would attempt to settle in Kansas and make it a slave state, because it was thought to be too far north for profitable exploitation of slaves. However, the eastern portion of Kansas along the Missouri river was as suitable for slave-based agriculture as the nearby 'black belt' of Missouri in which most of Missouri's slaves were held.

The settlement and formation of the state government in Kansas became highly politicized beyond the borders of the territory. There were a number of reasons for this. Missouri, a slave state, was uniquely exposed to free states, with Illinois and Iowa bordering it on the east and north. Most parts of Missouri held very few slaves, and slaveowners were a very small proportion of the state's population. If Kansas entered the Union as a free state, Missouri would have free soil on three sides. Since manumission, abolition activity, and escape were all more common in the border south, the existence of nearby free soil was a threat to Missouri slaveowners.

Also, in the Senate, each state is apportioned two senate seats. A rough balance had existed between free and slave states, but each addition of a state threatened to tip the balance, disrupting the status quo.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Bleeding Kansas

John Brown (abolitionist)

Digital ID: cph 3b35940 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-89569 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,488 kilobytes) TITLE: [John Brown, three-quarter length portrait, facing left, holding New York Tribune] CALL NUMBER: PGA - Anonymous (A size) [P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-89569 (b&w film copy neg.)

MEDIUM: 1 print : lithograph. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [1859(?)]

This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired. This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain and also in countries that figure copyright from the date of death of the artist (post mortem auctoris) and that most commonly run for a period of 50 to 70 years from that date.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3b35940. hdl.loc.gov/cph.3b35940, VIDEO FRAME ID: LCPP003B-35940 (from b&w film copy neg.), CONTROL #: 97515662

John Brown (abolitionist) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was the first white American abolitionist to advocate and practice insurrection as a means to abolish slavery. President Abraham Lincoln said he was a "misguided fanatic" and Brown has been called "the most controversial of all 19th-century Americans." His attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia electrified the nation, even though not a single slave answered his call. He was tried for treason against the state of Virginia and was hanged, but his behavior at the trial seemed heroic to millions of Americans. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of an abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party, but those charges were vehemently denied by the Republicans. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that a year later led to secession and the American Civil War.

Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Unlike most other Northerners, who still advocated peaceful resistance to the pro-slavery faction, Brown demanded violent action in response to Southern aggression. Dissatisfied with the pacifism encouraged by the organized abolitionist movement, he was quoted to have said "These men are all talk. What we need is action - action!" His belief in confrontation led him to kill five pro-slavery southerners in what became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre in May 1856, in response to the raid of the "free soil" city of Lawrence.

Brown's most famous deed was the 1859 raid he led on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (in modern-day West Virginia). During the raid, he seized the federal arsenal, killing seven people (including a free black) and injuring ten or so more. He intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, each of Brown's men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen, and U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Brown's subsequent capture by federal forces, his trial for treason to the state of Virginia, and his execution by hanging were an important part of the origins of the American Civil War, which followed sixteen months later. His role and actions prior to the Civil War, as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose still make him a controversial figure today. Depending on one's point of view, he is sometimes heralded as a heroic martyr and a visionary or vilified as a madman and a terrorist.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, John Brown (abolitionist)

Ships and Boats, The Monitor and Merrimac

TITLE: The Monitor and Merrimac, CALL NUMBER: PGA - Prang--Monitor and Merrimac (C size) [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZC4-708 (color film copy transparency),

LC-USZ62-15167 (b&w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: cph 3b52218 Source: color film copy transparency Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-708 (color film copy transparency) , LC-USZ62-15167 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (4 megabytes)

Additional versions and related images, Digital ID: cph 3a17416Source: b&w film copy neg.Medium resolution JPEG version (20 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,668 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on shelflist card], NOTES: This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: Prang.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (color film copy transparency) cph 3b52218 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/b52218, (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a17416 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/a17416 , CARD #: 2003663908

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZC4-708]

MARC Record Line 54: No known restrictions on publication.

TITLE: Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac, CALL NUMBER: PGA - Cosack & Co.--Battle of the... (B size) [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-15166 (b&w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: cph 3a17415 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-15166 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,872 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1889 July 12. NOTES: U21597 U.S. Copyright Office. This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card. Associated name on shelflist card: *.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a17415 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/a17415 , CARD #: 2003674785

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-15166]

MARC Record Line 54: No known restrictions on publication.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

LINKS: from civilwarhome.com

• Detailed Description - Detailed description of the two day action at Hampton Roads.
• The Birth of the Ironclads - Ever thought about how the Merrimac came about? Here's a nice concise history events that gave birth to the "first" ironclad.
• In The Monitor Turret - Taken from "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," this is a very informative article written by the exec of the Monitor.
• The Story of the C.S.S. Virginia - The story of the battle from the Confederate viewpoint as it appeared in the Southern Historical Society Papers.
• C.S.S Virginia Statistics - Contains such information as dimensions, costs, armament, etc.
• U.S.S Monitor Statistics - Contains such information as dimensions, costs, armament, etc

Leave a comment, make a request, Let this small sampling be a guide to better quality, more plentiful, public domain, royalty free, copyright free, high resolution, images, stock photos, jpeg, jpg, free for commercial use, clip art, clipart, clip-art. Technorati Tags: Public Domain Clip Art and clip art or public domain and Ships and Boats or Hampton Roads and Monitor and Merrimac or Library of Congress