Christopher Columbus

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Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain. This Christopher Columbus file is also in the public domain in countries that figure copyright from the date of death of the artist (post mortem auctoris in this case Sebastiano del Piombo (1485–1547), and that most commonly runs for a period of 50 to 70 years from December 31 of that year.

At the northwest corner of the Italian peninsula the coast-line, as it approaches the French border, bends around to the west in such a way as to form a kind of rounded angle, which, according to the fertile fancy of the Greeks, resembles the human knee. It was probably in recognition of this geographical peculiarity that the hamlet established at this point received some centuries before the Christian era the name which has since been evolved into Genoa. The situation is not only one of the most picturesque in Europe, but it is peculiarly adapted to the development of a small maritime city.

For many miles it is the only point at which Nature has afforded a good opportunity for a harbor. Its geographical relations with the region of the Alps and the plains of northern Italy seem to have designated it as the natural point where a common desire for gain should bring into profitable relations the trading propensities of the people along the shores of the Mediterranean. During nearly two thousand years the situation was made all the more favourable by the ease with which it might be defended; for the range of mountains, which encircles it at a distance of only a few miles, made it easy for the inhabitants to protect themselves against the assaults of their' enemies.

The favouring conditions thus afforded gave to Genoa early in the Christian era a commercial prestige of some importance. The turbulence of the Middle Ages made rapidity of growth quite impossible; but in the time of the Crusades this picturesque city received a large share of that impulse which gave so much life to Venice and the other maritime towns of Italy. Like other cities of its kind, it was filled with seafaring men.

Christopher Columbus

"Seven cities claimed the Homer dead,
In which the living Homer begged his bread," —
TEXT CREDIT: Christopher Columbus: his life and his work Makers of America Author: Charles Kendall Adams. Publisher: Dodd, Mead and company, 1892. Original from: the University of California. Digitized: Sep 14, 2007. Length: 261 pages

Columbus Day Parade New York City

Columbus Day Parade New York City. The Columbus Day Parade has been held since 1929, over 35,000 people are expected to participate .

Wreath at the Christopher Columbus Monument at Columbus Circle 59th street and Broadway, just southwest of Central Park.

Across the park to 5th avenue as the Parade moves north uptown from 42d street to 86th street a little over 2 miles. Looking southeast from the park at 65th street.

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Christopher Columbus New World Discovery

Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery: A Narrative By Filson Young, Young, the Earl Dunraven, Windham Thomas Wyndham-Quin Dunraven, Christopher Columbus Published by Grant Richards, 1906 Item notes: v.1 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Mar 15, 2006 322 pages.

This image Christopher Columbus New World Discovery (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain.

Friday, August 3, I 1492, at eight o'clock we started from the bar I of Saltes. We went with a strong sea breeze sixty miles, which are fifteen leagues,1 towards the south, until sunset afterwards to the south-west and to the south, quarter south-west, which was the way to the Canaries.

With these rousing words the Journal 2 of Columbus's voyage begins ; and they sound a salt and mighty chord which contains the true diapason of the symphony of his voyages. There could not have been a more fortunate beginning, with clear weather and a calm sea, and the wind in exactly the right quarter.

Christopher Columbus New World Discovery

On Saturday and Sunday the same conditions held, so there was time and opportunity for the three very miscellaneous ships' companies to shake down into something like order, and for all the elaborate discipline of sea life to be arranged and established and we may employ the interval by noting what aids to navigation Columbus had at his disposal.

The chief instrument was the astrolabe, which was an improvement on the primitive quadrant then in use for taking the altitude of the sun. The astrolabe, it will be remembered, had been greatly improved by Martin Behaim and the Portuguese Commission in 1 840 and it was this instrument, a simplification of the astrolabe used in astronomy ashore, that Columbus chiefly used in getting his solar altitudes. Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery in PDF Format

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Christopher Columbus Landing at Isabella

Columbus Day. The Life of Christopher Columbus By John Stevens Cabot Abbott. Published by Dodd & Mead, 1875
Original from Harvard University. Digitized Oct 4, 2007. 345 pages. Copyright 1875 by Dodd and Mead.

This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" ln PDF format from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain.

Columbus, on the 7th of December, again weighed anchor and sailed to the east. About thirty miles beyond Monte Christo he entered a spacious harbor, surrounded by a grand forest, with a rocky eminence at its entrance, which presented facilities for a fortress which would command the bay.

Christopher Columbus Landing at Isabella

Two rivers flowed into these still waters, presenting facilities for the erection of mills. Upon one side a large, green, beautiful meadow extended far back to the foot of the hills. Upon the banks of one of these streams there was a pleasant Indian village. The soil was evidently very rich. The bay and the rivers seemed alive with fish, many of them of gorgeous hues which are unknown outside the tropics.

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus By John Stevens Cabot Abbott. Published by University society, 1904. Original from the New York Public Library. Digitized Jan 10, 2006. 345 pages. Copyright 1875 by Dodd and Mead.

This Christopher Columbus image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain.

In the magnificent maritime city called Genoa the Superb, there was born, about the year 1435,* a child * The date of his birth is a vexata quastio. Washington Irving, relying upon the evidence given by Bernaldez, in the " Cura de los Palacios," states it to be about 1435 or 1436. This inference he draws from the remark of Bernaldez that he died " in the year one thousand five hundred and six, at the age of seventy, a little more or less."

Juan Bautista Munoz, in his " Histoire del N ievo Mundo, " concludes that he was born in 1446. Don Ferdinand, the Admiral's son, relates, that in a letter addressed by his father to the King and Queen, and dated 1501, he states, that he had then been forty years at sea ; an4 in another letter that he was fourteen years old when he went to sea ; so that, allowing a year either way for probable inattention to minuteness in these statements, we get the date of his birth, fixed by his own hand, at about 1447.

Now known throughout the whole civilized world as Christopher Columbus. Even the precise year of his birth is not known. He was the child of humble parents and his father, a very worthy and industrious man, who followed the employment of a wool comber, labored hard for the support of his household.

The harbor of Genoa was filled with shipping from all the commercial ports of the then known world. The wharves were crowded with sailors, speaking diverse languages and dressed in every variety of costume. The boy had received from nature a reflective mind, a poetic imagination, and a strong love for adventure. As he strolled the streets, and gazed upon the majestic ships, his childish spirit was roused to visit distant lands.

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