Native American Heritage Geronimo

Digital ID: cph 3a37017. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-36613 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,392 kilobytes) Unedited Image TITLE: Geronimo. CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Geronimo [item] [P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-36613 (b&w film copy neg.) RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication.

SUMMARY: Portrait, facing front, posed on one knee holding rifle. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1886. NOTES: Photo by A.F. Randall, Wilcox, A.T. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a37017. hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a37017. CONTROL #: 2004672097

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-36613]

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication.

Geronimo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Geronimo (Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns"; often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English) (June 16, 1829–February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who warred against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and people for over 25 years.

Goyaałé (Geronimo) was born to the Bedonkohe band of the Apache, near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in what is now the state of New Mexico, then part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe land.

Geronimo's father, Tablishim, and mother, Juana, educated him according to Apache traditions. He married a woman from the Chiricauhua band of Apache; they had three children. On March 5, 1851, a company of 400 Sonoran soldiers led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco attacked Geronimo's camp outside Janos while the men were in town trading. Among those dead were Geronimo's wife, Alope, his children, and mother. His chief, Mangas Coloradas, sent him to Cochise's band for help in revenge against the Mexicans. It was the Mexicans who named him Geronimo. This appellation stemmed from a battle in which he repeatedly attacked Mexican soldiers with a knife, ignoring a deadly hail of bullets. In reference to the Mexicans' plea to Saint Jerome, the name stuck

The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. To counter the early Apache raids on Spanish settlements, presidios were established at Janos (1685) in Chihuahua and at Fronteras (1690) in northern Opata country. In 1835, Mexico had placed a bounty on Apache scalps. Two years later Mangas Coloradas or Dasoda-hae (Red Sleeves) became principal chief and war leader and began a series of retaliatory raids against the Mexicans. Apache raids on Mexican villages were so numerous and brutal that no area was safe.

While Geronimo said he was never a chief, he was a military leader. As a Chiricahua Apache, this meant he was also a spiritual leader. He consistently urged raids and war upon many Mexican and later U.S. groups.

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Native American Heritage Sitting Bull

Digital ID: cph 3a14645. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-12276 (b&w film copy neg.) , LC-USZ62-122855 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,473 kilobytes) Unedited Image (35253 bytes)

Additional versions and related images. Digital ID: cph 3c22855. Source: b&w film copy neg. Medium resolution JPEG version (24 kilobytes), Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (68 kilobytes), Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (12 megabytes)

TITLE: [Sitting Bull, half-length portrait, seated, facing front, holding calumet]. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12940. [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-12276 (b&w film copy neg.) LC-USZ62-122855 (b&w film copy neg.) MEDIUM: 1 photographic print on cabinet card mount. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1881.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

CREATOR: Goff, O. S. (Orlando Scott), 1843-1917, photographer. NOTES: 1263(?) U.S. Copyright Office. On verso: O.S. Goff, Bismarck, D.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a14645 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a14645. (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c22855 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c22855. VIDEO FRAME ID: LCPP003A-14645 (from b&w film copy neg.) CONTROL #: 99402403

Sitting Bull From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sitting Bull (Sioux: Tatanka Iyotake or Tatanka Iyotanka or Ta-Tanka I-Yotank, first named Slon-he, (Slow), (c. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota medicine man and holy man. He is notable in American and Native American history in large part for his major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Custer’s 7th Cavalry, where his premonition of defeating them became reality. Even today, his name is synonymous with Native American culture, and he is considered to be one of the most famous Native Americans in history.

The Battle of Killdeer Mountain struck a significant blow against Native American resistance, and many chiefs gave up the fight and went to reservations. Sitting Bull refused to surrender and rose to be a tribal leader, leading his warriors in a siege against the newly-constructed Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. This action won him respect among the tribe, and he became head chief of the Lakota nation in c. 1868. During this period, white settlers, miners, farmers, missionaries, railroad workers, and military personnel began to expand the United States, and Native Americans were increasingly being forced from their tribal lands.

Sitting Bull, who was a medicine man, began to work toward uniting his people against this invasion. Like many tribal leaders, Sitting Bull first attempted to make peace and trade with the whites. However, many of the men the Lakota encountered would trick them into accepting poor deals for their lands and produce, which created resentment amongst the tribes. After the discovery of gold in 1876 in the Black Hills, his people were driven from their reservation in the area, a place that the Sioux considered holy. Sitting Bull took up arms against the whites and refused to be transported to the Indian territory.

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Native American Heritage Hollow Horn Bear

Digital ID: cph 3b01642. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-53674 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,757 kilobytes) TITLE: Hollow Horn Bear--Brulé, CALL NUMBER: LOT 12319 [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-53674 (b&w film copy neg.)

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

SUMMARY: Hollow Horn Bear, bust portrait, facing front. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1907 December 26. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

NOTES: H104298 U.S. Copyright Office. Curtis no. 2465-07. (EXPIRED) Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, Suppl., v. 3, pl. 82.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3b01642 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3b01642 CONTROL #: 2002719670

Sioux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Sioux (IPA /su/) are a Native American and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on dialect and subculture:

* Isanti ("Knife," originating from the name of a lake in present-day Minnesota): residing in the extreme east of the Dakotas, Minnesota, and northern Iowa, and are often referred to as the Santee or Dakota.

* Ihanktowan-Ihanktowana ("Village-at-the-end" and "little village-at-the-end"): residing in the Minnesota River area, they are considered to be the middle Sioux, and are often referred to as the Yankton or Nakota.

* Teton (“Dwellers on the Prairie”): the westernmost Sioux, known for their hunting and warrior culture, and are often referred to as the Lakota.

Today, the Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and also in Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada.

The historical Sioux referred to the Great Sioux Nation as the Oceti Sakowin (pronunciation: "Oh-SHAY-tee SHAW-ko-ween"), meaning "Seven Council Fires". Each fire represented a tiyospaye (family or band). The seven nations that comprise the Sioux are: Mdewakanton, Wahpetowan (Wahpeton), Wahpekute, Sissetowan (Sisseton), the Ihantowan (Yankton), Ihanktowana (Yanktonai), and the Teton (Lakota). Historically, the Seven Council Fires would assemble each summer to hold council, renew kinships, decide tribal matters and hold the Sun Dance. The seven divisions would select four leaders known as Wicasa Yatapicka from among the leaders of each division. Being one of the four leaders was considered the highest honor for a leader; however, the once-a-year gathering meant the majority of tribal administration was cared for by the usual leaders of each division. The last meeting of the seven council fires was in 1850.

Today it is preferable to refer to the Teton, Isanti, or Ihanktowan/Ihanktowana as either Lakota, Dakota, or Nakota respectively. In any of the three main dialects, "Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota" all translate to mean "friend," or more properly, "ally." Usage of Lakota, Dakota, or Nakota may then refer to the alliance that once bound the Great Sioux Nation together.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Sioux

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Native American Heritage Month Calling a Moose

Digital ID: cph 3c23167. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-123167 (b&w film copy neg.). Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve unedited JPEG version (149 kilobytes) TITLE: Calling a moose on a birch-bark trumpet;--Cree. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12324 [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-123167 (b&w film copy neg.). SUMMARY: Cree man in woods blowing horn.

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1927. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer. NOTES:

J295121 U.S. Copyright Office. Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, v. 18, p. 16.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c23167 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c23167. CONTROL #: 99404777

Cree From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cree are an indigenous people of North America who occupy an area from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean in both Canada and the United States. They now constitute the largest group of First Nations people in Canada and are referred to as Native Americans in the United States. The Cree language is an Algonquian language and was once the most widely spoken in northern North America. Currently, however, not all Crees speak Cree fluently and English is more commonly used in Cree communities in the United States, Western Canada and Ontario. In Quebec, however, almost all Crees speak fluent Cree; English and French are nevertheless used in the work place, public administration, and for external relations.

Skilled buffalo hunters and horsemen, the Cree were allied to the Assiniboine of the Sioux before encountering English and French settlers in the 16th century.

Presently, the remaining Cree in the United States live on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation which is shared with the Chippewa.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Cree

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Native American Heritage Month Maricopa Tribe

Digital ID: cph 3c01181. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-101181 (b&w film copy neg.) Retrieve unedited JPEG version (136 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (12 megabytes) TITLE: [Saguaro gatherers, Maricopa tribe]. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12312-E [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-101181 (b&w film copy neg.). SUMMARY: Three Maricopa women with baskets on their heads, standing by Saguaro cacti.

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1907, c1907. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer. NOTES: H99646 U.S. Copyright Office. Edward S. Curtis Collection. Curtis no. X2206-07.

FORMAT: Photographic prints 1900-1910. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c01181 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c01181 CONTROL #: 90710181

Maricopa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Maricopa, or Piipaash, are a Native American ethnic group who live in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community along with the Pima, a tribe with whom the Maricopa have long held a positive relationship. They formerly consisted of small groups of people situated on the banks of the Colorado River that came together in the 19th century. Their heritage language is Maricopa.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Maricopa

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