Science and Technology STS - 117 Shuttle Atlantis

Atlantis Space Station Bound! Cheers and shouts can be heard throughout the Kennedy Space Center as Atlantis roars off the launch pad into a clear blue Florida sky!

Within 10 minutes, the shuttle will be in orbit around the Earth. Within 24 hours Atlantis will undergo the rendezvous pitch maneuver and thermal protection system tile inspection. By flight day 3, Atlantis will be ready to dock with the International Space Station.

Mission and Crew, Mission STS-117 is the Space Shuttle Program's 21st mission to the International Space Station. Rick Sturckow will command the mission and Lee Archambault will serve as Atlantis' pilot. Mission Specialists Patrick Forrester, James Reilly, Steven Swanson, John Olivas and Flight Engineer Clayton Anderson round out the crew to deliver the S3/S4 starboard truss segments, batteries and another pair of solar arrays to the space station. Anderson will replace Expedition 15 Flight Engineer Sunita Williams on station and Williams will return to Earth aboard Atlantis.

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Science and Technology Dark Matter

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How do we know that dark matter isn't just normal matter exhibiting strange gravity? A new observation of gravitationally magnified faint galaxies far in the distance behind a massive cluster of galaxies is shedding new dark on the subject. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope indicates that a huge ring of dark matter likely exists surrounding the center of CL0024+17 that has no normal matter counterpart.

What is visible in the above image, first and foremost, are many spectacular galaxies that are part of CL0024+17 itself, typically appearing tan in color. Next, a close inspection of the cluster center shows several unusual and repeated galaxy shapes, typically more blue. These are multiple images of a few distant galaxies, showing that the cluster is a strong gravitational lens. The relatively weak distortions of the many distant faint blue galaxies all over the image, however, indicates the existence of the dark matter ring. The computationally modeled dark matter ring spans about five million light years and has been digitally superimposed to the image in diffuse blue.

A hypothesis for the formation of the huge dark matter ring holds that it is a transient feature formed when galaxy cluster CL0024+17 collided with another cluster of galaxies about one billion years ago, leaving a ring similar to when a rock is thrown in a pond.

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Image credit: NASA, ESA, M. J. Jee and H. Ford et al. (Johns Hopkins Univ.)

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Science and Technology Yuri Gagarin First Man in Space

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April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the launch of the first shuttle mission. On that day in 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft. Newspapers like The Huntsville Times (right) trumpeted Gagarin's accomplishment.

Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space less than a month later.

Scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union dates back to the very beginnings of space flight. The first cooperative human space flight project between the United States and the Soviet Union took place in 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was designed to test the compatibility of rendezvous and docking systems for American and Soviet spacecraft and to open the way for future joint manned flights.

Since 1993, the U.S. and Russia have worked together on a number of other space flight projects. The Space Shuttle began visiting the Russian Mir space station in 1994, and in 1995 Norm Thagard became the first U.S. astronaut to take up residency on Mir. Seven U.S. astronauts served with their Russian counterparts aboard the orbiting Mir laboratory from 1995 to 1998. The experience gained from the Mir cooperative effort, as well as lessons learned, paved the way for the International Space Station.

In-orbit construction on the Station began in November 1998, and it has been staffed non-stop with international crews since November 2000. The first Station crew, made up of U.S. commander Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, was launched on board a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The crew returned to Earth on the Space Shuttle Discovery in March 2001.

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Science and Technology, Magnesium Oxide Dice

Chemical Analysis; Magnesium Oxide Dice, NIST scientists are developing new three-dimensional chemical imaging methods. Using a scanning transmission electron microscope, a tilting stage, and sensitive detectors,

NIST researchers can construct images that reveal both the chemical components and the complex shapes of crystal structures. This image shows cubes of magnesium oxide. Nanoscale particles of gold were deposited on the crystal faces to help define the surface topography.

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*CSTL, microscopy, STEM, 3D imaging, nano particles, nanotechnology, crystallography, crystal structure

See also nist.gov/public_affairs/aml_graphics_gallery. Subjects (names): Topics/Categories: Chemical AnalysisNanotechnology--Materials, Type: Graphic/scientific data.

Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Credit Line as it should appear in print: Image credit: J.H. Scott, J. Bonevich/NIST, Date Created: June 21, 2004, Date Entered: 3/7/2005

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The images contained in this gallery are available for illustrating descriptions of NIST programs. NIST does not endorse commercial products. NIST images should not be used to imply any such endorsement.

Generally speaking, works created by U.S. Government employees are not eligible for copyright protection in the United States. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office.

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Science and Technology, Transistors

New Design for Transistors Powered by Single Electrons, The colorized images show how tuning the voltage of the three gates controls very small amounts of electrical charge and regulates current flow in the new silicon transistor.

In the first figure, the pattern of diagonal lines indicates the charge is correlated throughout the device, and current is flowing (at levels ranging from 0 Amps shown in red, to 1.4 nanoAmps shown in violet). The next three figures show what happens as the voltage applied to the center gate is reduced. In the last figure, the square pattern indicates the charge has separated in the device, and the large amount of white space indicates a related drop off in the current.

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See also, nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/. Subjects (names): Topics/Categories: Nanotechnology--Electronics, Type: Graphic/scientific data, Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Credit Line as it shouldappear in print: Credit: NTT/NIST, AV Number: 06EEEL003, Date Created: February 2, 2006, Date Entered: 2/2/2006

The NIST Image Gallery contains both photographs and graphics related to the work of the National Insitute of Standards and Technology. Major topics include research areas such as nanotechnology, homeland security, biotechnology, electronics, manufacturing, chemistry, physics, materials, construction, fire, and computer science; NIST buildings and facilities; portraits of selected NIST senior staff members, and historical photos.

The images contained in this gallery are available for illustrating descriptions of NIST programs. NIST does not endorse commercial products. NIST images should not be used to imply any such endorsement.

Generally speaking, works created by U.S. Government employees are not eligible for copyright protection in the United States. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office.

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