This Day in History Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Creator, Artist Name Carl Pietzner, Date of birth, death 1853 1927, Work location Austria.

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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot to death in Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assassins coordinated by Danilo Ilić.

The political objective of the assassination was to break off from Austria-Hungary her south-slav provinces so they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. The assassins' motives are consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia. "The Outrage", as the assassination came to be called, sparked the outbreak of World War I.

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This Day in History Napoleon Waterloo

TITLE: Napoleon, CALL NUMBER: PGA - Laugier, Jean Nicholas--Napoleon (D size) [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-pga-01992 (digital file from original print), LC-USZ62-17088 (b&w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on shelflist card], NOTES: This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card.

Associated name on shelflist card: Laugier, Jean Nicholas.

Digital ID: cph 3a19287 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-pga-01992 (digital file from original print) , LC-USZ62-17088 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,492 kilobytes)

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original print) pga 01992 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pga.01992 (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a19287 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a19287 , CARD #: 2003670251

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Battle of Waterloo painted by William Sadler (1782-1839). This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

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Battle of Waterloo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Battle of Waterloo, fought on 18 June 1815, was Napoleon Bonaparte's last battle. His defeat put a final end to his rule as Emperor of France. The Battle of Waterloo also marked the end of the period known as the Hundred Days, which began in March 1815 after Napoleon's return from Elba, where he had been exiled after his defeats at the battle of Leipzig in 1813 and the campaigns of 1814 in France.

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This Day in History 1940 : of invasion Paris

ARC Identifier: 540179, Local Identifier: 242-HLB-5073-20, Title: Adolf Hitler in Paris, 06/23/1940, Creator: General Services Administration. National Archives and Records Service. Office of the National Archives. (ca. 1949 - 1985) ( Most Recent) Type of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials Level of Description: Item from Record Group 242: National Archives Collection of Foreign Records Seized, 1675 - 1983

Location: Still Picture Records LICON, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 PHONE: 301-837-3530, FAX: 301-837-3621, EMAIL: stillpix@nara.gov Production Date: 06/23/1940

Part of: Series: Hoffmann Collection; Subseries HLB; 35mm prints and negatives made by the Berlin Office, 03/1933 - 07/1944, Access Restrictions: Unrestricted. Use Restrictions: Unrestricted

Variant Control Number(s): NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-242-HLB-5073-20, Select List Identifier: WWII #82, Copy 1. Copy Status: Preservation-Reproduction. Storage Facility: National Archives at College Park - Archives II (College Park, MD) Media Media Type: Negative.

Index Terms Subjects Represented in the Archival Material German Aggression World War, 1939-1945

On this day in 1940, 54,000 British and French troops surrender to German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel at St. Valery-en-Caux, on the northern Channel border, as the Germans continue their gains in France. 1940 : Paris on the verge of invasion

Battle of France From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Germans renewed their offensive on 5 June on the Somme. An attack broke the scarce reserves that Weygand had put between the Germans and the capital, and on 10 June the French government fled to Bordeaux, declaring Paris an open city. Churchill returned to France on 11 June, meeting the French War Council in Briare. The French requested Britain supply all available fighter squadrons to aid in the battle. With only 25 squadrons remaining Churchill refused, believing at this point that the decisive battle would be fought over Britain (see Battle of Britain).

Churchill, at the meeting, obtained assurances from French admiral François Darlan that the fleet would not fall into German hands. On 14 June Paris, the capture of which had so eluded the German Army in the First World War, after having been declared an open city, fell to the Wehrmacht, marking the second time in less than 100 years that Paris had been captured by German forces (the former occurring during the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian War).

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This Day in History Benjamin Franklin flys a kite

TITLE: The philosopher & his kite / H.S. Sadd sc. CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790--Experiments with electricity [item] [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-30750 (b&w film copy neg.) No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: cph 3a52954 Source: digital file from b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-30750 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (2,002 kilobytes)

SUMMARY: Print shows Benjamin Franklin and his son William flying a kite during an electrical storm. MEDIUM: 1 print : mezzotint. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [184-] (Printed by W. Neale), CREATOR: Sadd, Henry S., engraver.

NOTES: Title from item. Caption continues: Designed expressly for the Columbian Magazine by J.L. Morton. Illus. from: The Columbian magazine, or monthly miscellany,.... Philadelphia : Printed for T. Seddon, W. Spotswood, C. Cist, & J. Trenchard.

Published in: The tradition of technology : Landmarks of Western technology ... / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1995, p. 219.

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DIGITAL ID: (digital file from b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a52954 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a52954 CARD #: 2006691772

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Franklin was born in 1706 at Boston. He was the tenth son of a soap and candlemaker. He received some formal education but was principally self-taught. After serving an apprenticeship to his father between the ages of 10 and 12, he went to work for his half-brother James, a printer. In 1721 the latter founded the New England Courant, the fourth newspaper in the colonies. Benjamin secretly contributed 14 essays to it, his first published writings.

In 1723, because of dissension with his half-brother, Franklin moved to Philadelphia, where he obtained employment as a printer. He spent only a year there and then sailed to London for 2 more years. Back in Philadelphia, he rose rapidly in the printing industry. He published The Pennsylvania Gazette (1730-48), which had been founded by another man in 1728, but his most successful literary venture was the annual Poor Richard 's Almanac (1733-58). It won a popularity in the colonies second only to the Bible, and its fame eventually spread to Europe.

Meantime, in 1730 Franklin had taken a common-law wife, Deborah Read, who was to bear him a son and daughter, and he also apparently had children with another nameless woman out of wedlock. By 1748 he had achieved financial independence and gained recognition for his philanthropy and the stimulus he provided to such civic causes as libraries, educational institutions, and hospitals. Energetic and tireless, he also found time to pursue his interest in science, as well as to enter politics.

Franklin served as clerk (1736-51) and member (1751-64) of the colonial legislature and as deputy postmaster of Philadelphia (1737-53) and deputy postmaster general of the colonies (1753-74). In addition, he represented Pennsylvania at the Albany Congress (1754), called to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War. The congress adopted his "Plan of Union," but the colonial assemblies rejected it because it encroached on their powers. CHARTERS OF FREEDOM

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This Day in History D Day The Longest Day

D Day The Longest Day - June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied Troops landed long a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which “we will accept nothing less than full victory.”

More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day’s end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy. The D-Day cost was high -more than 9,000 Allied Soldiers were killed or wounded -- but more than 100,000 Soldiers began the march across Europe to defeat Hitler. D-Day June 6, 1944

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D Day The Longest Day

A LCVP (Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel) from the U.S. Coast Guard-manned USS Samuel Chase disembarks troops of Company E, 16th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division (the Big Red One) wading onto the Fox Green section of Omaha Beach (Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France) on the morning of June 6, 1944. American soldiers encountered the newly formed German 352nd Division when landing. During the initial landing two-thirds of the Company E became casualties. Artist: Chief Photographer's Mate (CPHoM) Robert F. Sargent.

Troops in an LCVP landing craft approaching "Omaha" Beach on "D-Day", 6 June 1944. Note helmet netting; faint "No Smoking" sign on the LCVP's ramp; and M1903 rifles and M1 carbines carried by some of these men. This photograph was taken from the same LCVP as Photo # SC 189986.

Photograph from the Army Signal Corps Collection in the U.S. National Archives. Description: Photo #: SC 320901. Normandy Invasion, June 1944.

Here Rests in Honored Glory A Comrade in Arms Known But to God.

The American Cemetery in Normandy, France. (Defense Department photo / Cherie A. Thurlby)

The American Cemetery, row after row of crosses and Stars of David that serve as the final resting place for 9,387 of those killed on D-Day and in the bloody days that followed.

Near Point du Hoc looks out over Utah and Omaha beaches where the 2nd Ranger Battalion scaled a 100-foot cliff to face off against German bunkers and gun turrets.

D-Day: Soldiers on a Landing Craft - Soldiers crowd a landing craft on their way to Normandy during the Allied Invasion of Europe, D-Day, June 6, 1944. Photo by army.mil, added May 31, 2007

D-Day: Landing Convoy - A convoy of landing craft nears the beach at Normandy, D-Day, June 6, 1944. Photo by army.mil, added May 31, 2007

General Eisenhower's Message - Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon a great crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers in arms on other fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.

Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle hardened, he will fight savagely.

But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man to man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our home fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to victory!

I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full victory!

Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessings of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking.

-- Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

D-Day: GEN Eisenhower: Supreme Allied Commander U.S. Army Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower speaks with 101st Airborne Division paratroopers before they board airplanes and gliders to take part in a parachute assault into Normandy as part of the Allied Invasion of Europe, D-Day...

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This Day in History Tower Clock Big Ben

The Clock Tower, from Westminster Bridge . Taken by Adrian Pingstone in November 2004 and released to the public domain. High Resolution Image Source: english wikipedia, original upload 28 November 2004 by en:User:Arpingstone.

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ARC Identifier: 195565, WWII: Europe; London, England; "Big Ben with barbed wire entanglement". Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (NLFDR), 4079 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY 12538-1999 PHONE: 845-486-7770, FAX: 845-486-1147, EMAIL: roosevelt.library@nara.gov . Type of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials

Description: Item from Collection FDR-PHOCO: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs, 1882 - 1962

Part of: Series: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs, 1882 - 1962. Access Restrictions: Unrestricted, Use Restrictions: Unrestricted. Variant Control Number(s): NAIL Control Number: NLR-PHOCO-A-7420(1226)

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The Clock Tower (Big Ben) owes its existence to a fire in 1834 that destroyed most of Parliament. A commission was set up to choose a new building design from 97 submissions and a clock tower dominated Charles Barry's winning plan. The clock swung into action in May 31, 1859. The Clock Tower (Big Ben)

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This Day in History Reagan Gorbachev Moscow Summit

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C47345-10, President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev in Red Square during the Moscow Summit. 5/31/88.

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1988: May 29-June 2 U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Michail Gorbachev meet in Moscow, during which are signed:

• Agreement on Notifications of Inter-continental Ballistic Missiles and Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile Launches between the United States and the USSR;
• Cooperation and Exchange Program between the United States and the USSR for 1989-1991;
• Incidents at Sea Agreement between the United States and the USSR;
• Transport Agreement between the United States and the USSR;
• Fisheries Agreement between the United States and the USSR.

Timeline of Russian-American Relations
18-20th Centuries Embassy of The United State Moscow, Russia

President Ronald Reagan travels to Moscow to begin the fourth summit meeting held in the past three years with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Though the summit produced no major announcements or breakthroughs, it served to illuminate both the successes and the failures achieved by the two men in terms of U.S.-Soviet relations. 1988 : Reagan arrives in Moscow for summit talks

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This Day in History Humphrey Bogart marries Lauren Bacall

Armed Forces Radio Services broadcaster Jack Brown interviews Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall for broadcast to troops overseas during World War II.

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1945 : Bogart and Bacall marry. On this day, 46-year-old Humphrey Bogart marries Lauren Bacall, his co-star in To Have and Have Not (1946). Bacall was less than half his age. Bogart and Bacall were both born in New York. 1945 : Bogart and Bacall marry

Humphrey (DeForest) Bogart - born Dec. 25, 1899, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Jan. 14, 1957, Hollywood, Calif. He acted in four films with his fourth wife, Lauren Bacall. Humphrey Bogart

Lauren Bacall orig. Betty Joan Perske born Sept. 6, 1924, New York, N.Y., U.S. her photograph on a magazine cover led to her casting in the film To Have and Have Not (1944) with Humphrey Bogart, whom she soon married. Lauren Bacall

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This Day in History Spirit of St. Louis

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airplane in which Charles A. Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo flight from New York to Paris, May 20–21, 1927. His flight was sponsored by a group of businessmen in St. Louis, Mo. Spirit of Saint Louis

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This Day in History Joan of Arc

TITLE: [Joan of Arc, three-quarter length portrait, standing in field, facing front, clutching sword to chest], CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Joan of Arc, Saint, 1412-1431 [P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-121205 (b&w film copy neg.) MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1920.

Digital ID: cph 3c21205 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-121205 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (108 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (12 megabytes)

NOTES: G60288 U.S. Copyright Office. Photograph of painting. REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c21205 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c21205 . CARD #: 99401200

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At the age of 16, "voices" of Christian saints told Joan to aid Charles, the French dauphin, in gaining the French throne and expelling the English from France. Convinced of the validity of her divine mission, Charles furnished Joan with a small force of troops. She led her troops to Orleans, and on April 29, as a French sortie distracted the English troops on the west side of the city, Joan entered unopposed by its eastern gate. 1429 : Joan of Arc relieves Orleans

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Ships and Boats HMS Bounty

This Day in History 04/28/1789 : Mutiny on the HMS Bounty Three weeks into a journey from Tahiti to the West Indies, the HMS Bounty is seized in a mutiny led by Fletcher Christian, the master's mate. Captain William Bligh and 18 of his loyal supporters were set adrift in a small, open boat, and the Bounty set course for Tubuai south of Tahiti. HMS Bounty

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HMS Bounty, British armed transport ship remembered for the mutiny of its crew on April 28, 1789.

Commanded by Capt. William Bligh, it had sailed to Tahiti, taken on a cargo of breadfruit trees, and traveled as far as the Friendly Islands (Tonga) on the voyage to Jamaica when it was seized by the master's mate, Fletcher Christian. HMS Bounty

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This Day in History Dr. Jonas Salk

On this day in 1954 (04/25/07) field trials for the Salk vaccine begin at the Franklin Sherman Elementary School in McLean Virginia. April 12, 2005, marked the 50th anniversary of the announcement that the polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and his team of scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, was a success. "Safe, effective, and potent", were the words used to announce to the world that an effective vaccine had been found against a disease that once paralyzed 13,000--20,000 people each year in the United States alone.

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Description: Standing at the podium during his 1988 Centers for Disease Control visit, this photograph showed Dr. Jonas Salk, creator of the first polio vaccine in 1955, fielding questions during his presentation.

Links: CDC - National Immunization Program – 50th Anniversary of the First Polio Vaccine

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This Day in History William Shakespeare

TITLE: William Shakespeare / Samuel Cousins, A.R.A. CALL NUMBER: FP - XIX - C8672, no. 3 (B size) [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZC4-6527 (color film copy transparency), LC-USZ62-5812 (b&w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication in the U.S. Use elsewhere may be restricted by other countries' laws. SUMMARY: William Shakespeare, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly left. MEDIUM: 1 print : mezzotint. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1849.

Digital ID: cph 3g06527 Source: color film copy transparency Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-6527 (color film copy transparency) , LC-USZ62-5812 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (133 kilobytes)

CREATOR: Cousins, Samuel, 1801-1887, engraver. NOTES: From the Chandos portrait, engraved for the Shakespeare Society June 1849. Hubbard Collection.

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This Day in History William Shakespeare(04/23/1564–04/23/1616), the supreme English poet, actor, and playwright, universally recognized as the greatest of all dramatists.

A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeare's life is lacking; much supposition surrounds relatively few facts. His day of birth is traditionally held to be April 23; it is known he was baptized on April 26, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. The third of eight children, he was the eldest son of John Shakespeare (fl. 1551–1601), a locally prominent merchant, and Mary Arden (fl. 1556–1608), daughter of a Roman Catholic member of the landed gentry. William Shakespeare

Shakespeare also spelled Shakspere , byname Bard of Avon or Swan of Avon English poet, dramatist, and actor, often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time.

Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature. Other poets, such as Homer and Dante, and novelists, such as Leo Tolstoy and Charles Dickens, have transcended national barriers; but no writer's living reputation can compare to that of Shakespeare, William Shakespeare

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Science and Technology Yuri Gagarin First Man in Space

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April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the launch of the first shuttle mission. On that day in 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft. Newspapers like The Huntsville Times (right) trumpeted Gagarin's accomplishment.

Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space less than a month later.

Scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union dates back to the very beginnings of space flight. The first cooperative human space flight project between the United States and the Soviet Union took place in 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was designed to test the compatibility of rendezvous and docking systems for American and Soviet spacecraft and to open the way for future joint manned flights.

Since 1993, the U.S. and Russia have worked together on a number of other space flight projects. The Space Shuttle began visiting the Russian Mir space station in 1994, and in 1995 Norm Thagard became the first U.S. astronaut to take up residency on Mir. Seven U.S. astronauts served with their Russian counterparts aboard the orbiting Mir laboratory from 1995 to 1998. The experience gained from the Mir cooperative effort, as well as lessons learned, paved the way for the International Space Station.

In-orbit construction on the Station began in November 1998, and it has been staffed non-stop with international crews since November 2000. The first Station crew, made up of U.S. commander Bill Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, was launched on board a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The crew returned to Earth on the Space Shuttle Discovery in March 2001.

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