Braille Alphabet and Apparatus

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Braille Alphabet and Apparatus. Title Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume 4 of The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, Hugh Chisholm
Author Hugh Chisholm, Edition 11. Publisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, Original from: Harvard University. Digitized: Jul 24, 2008.

Louis Braille, a pupil and afterwards a professor of the Institution Nationale dcs Jeunes Aveugles, Paris, studied all the various methods in which arbitrary characters were used. Barbicr's letter, although it gave a large number of combinations, was too long to be covered by the finger in reading, and Louis Braille reduced the number of dots. In 1834 Braille perfected his system. Dr Armitage considered it was the greatest advance that had ever been made in the education of the blind.

The Braille alphabet consists of varying combinations of six dots in an oblong, of which the vertical side contains three, and the horizontal two dots. There are 63 possible combinations of these six dots, and after the letters of the alphabet have been supplied, the remaining signs are used for punctuation, contractions, etc.

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