Dr. Charles R. Drew

In 1940, as the U.S. Government prepared for possible American involvement in the war that was raging in Europe, the U.S. military braced for a large number of casualties. In June 1940, the Surgeons General of the Army and Navy asked the American Red Cross and the National Research Council to find a way to stockpile massive blood reserves that could be used by the armed forces in the event of war.

The American Red Cross called upon the leading experts in the field of blood collection and preservation, including Dr. Charles R. Drew, who had taught at Howard University's College of Medicine. The project Dr. Drew supervised paved the way for a national blood program that operated throughout World War II, providing 13 million pints of blood and plasma to wounded U.S. soldiers.

ARC Identifier: 559199. Local Identifier: H-HNP-15B. Title: Charles R. Drew. Creator: Harmon Foundation (Most Recent) Type of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials

Level of Description: Item from Collection H: Harmon Foundation Collection, 1922 - 1967. Location: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 PHONE: 301-837-3530, FAX: 301-837-3621, EMAIL: stillpix@nara.gov

Part of: Series: "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin Painted by Two Women Artists", ca. 1943 - ca. 1963. Scope & Content Note: Access Restrictions: Unrestricted. Use Restrictions: Unrestricted.

Specific Records Type: portraits. General Note: Painting. Variant Control Number(s): Select List Identifier: HARMON FOUNDATION #125. NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-200-HNP-15B. NAIL Control Number: NWDNS-H-HNP-15B

Copy 1 Copy Status: Preservation-Reproduction. Storage Facility: National Archives at College Park - Archives II (College Park, MD) Media Media Type: Negative. Color: Black-and-White.

Index Terms Contributors to Authorship and/or Production of the Archival Materials. Reyneau, Betsy Graves, 1888-1964, Artist

Tags: Public Domain Clip Art and clip art or public domain and Dr. Charles R. Drew or blood and plasma

W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt) Du Bois

Digital ID: cph 3a53178 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-16767 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (91 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (19 megabytes) TITLE: W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt) Du Bois, 1868-1963, CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Du Bois, W.E.B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963 [item] [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-16767 (b&w film copy neg.) RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication.

SUMMARY: Head and shoulders. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATE, PUBLISHED: c1919 May 31.

NOTES: J234700 U.S. Copyright Office. Photo by Cornelius M. Battey, 1918. No. 8. No copyright renewal. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a53178 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a53178, CONTROL #: 2003681451

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-16767]

W. E. B. Du Bois From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced /duːˈbɔɪz/) (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an African American civil rights activist, leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. He became a naturalized citizen of Ghana in 1963 at the age of 95.

David Levering Lewis, a biographer, wrote, "In the course of his long, turbulent career, W. E. B. Du Bois attempted virtually every possible solution to the problem of twentieth-century racism—scholarship, propaganda, integration, national self-determination, human rights, cultural and economic separatism, politics, international communism, expatriation, third world solidarity."

W. E. B. Du Bois was born on Church Street on February 23, 1868, in Great Barrington, at the south-western edge of Massachusetts, to Alfred Du Bois and Mary Silvina Burghardt Du Bois, whose February 5, 1867, wedding had been announced in the Berkshire Courier. Alfred Du Bois had been born in Haiti. W. E. B. Du Bois detailed his French Haitian background in his autobiography:

Of grandfather's life in Haiti from about 1821 to 1830, I know few details. From his 18th to his 27th year he formed acquaintanceships, earned a living, married and had a son, my father, Alfred, born in 1825. I do not know what work grandfather did, but probably he ran a plantation and engaged in the growing shipping trade to the United States. Who he married I do not know, nor her relatives. He may have married into the family of Elie Du Bois, the great Haitian educator. Also why he left Haiti in 1830 is not clear. It may have been because of the threat of war with France during the Revolution of 1830 and the fall of Charles X.

Their son was born 5 months before the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified, and added to the U.S. Constitution. Alfred Du Bois was descended from free people of color, including the slave-holding Dr. James Du Bois of Poughkeepsie, New York, a physician. In the Bahamas, James Du Bois had fathered three sons, including Alfred, and a daughter, by his slave mistress. Du Bois was also the great-grandson of Elizabeth Freeman (“Mum Bett”), a slave who successfully sued for her freedom, laying the groundwork for the eventual abolition of slavery in Massachusetts

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Eldridge Cleaver

Digital ID: ppmsc 01265 Source: digital file from original. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsc-01265 (digital file from original negative) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (48 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (5 megabytes) TITLE: Eldridge Cleaver, Minister of Information for the Black Panther Party and presidential candidate for the Peace and Freedom Party speaking at the Woods-Brown Outdoor Theatre, American University. CALL NUMBER: LC-U9- 20018-9A [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ppmsc-01265 (digital file from original negative). RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: Photograph shows bust portrait of Cleaver facing right. MEDIUM: 1 negative : film. CREATED / PUBLISHED: 1968 Oct. 18. CREATOR: Trikosko, Marion S., photographer.

NOTES: Title from contact sheet folder caption. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. Contact sheet available for reference purposes: USN&WR COLL - Job no. 20018, frame 9A.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original) ppmsc 01265. hdl.loc.gov/ppmsc.01265. CONTROL #: 2003688124

Rights Information: No known restrictions on publication.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-DIG-ppmsc-01265]

Eldridge Cleaver From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eldridge Cleaver (August 31, 1935 – May 1, 1998) was an author and a prominent American civil rights leader who began as a dominant member of the Black Panther Party.

Born in Wabbaseka, Arkansas, Cleaver moved with his family to Phoenix and then to Los Angeles. As a teenager he was first involved in petty crime, and then in 1957 was convicted of assault with intent to murder. While in prison, he wrote a book of essays, published in book form as Soul on Ice (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968; paperback Dell/Delta, 1968) which was influential in the black power movement and now widely considered a classic.

In the book, Cleaver infamously acknowledges the rape of several white women, which he defended as "an insurrectionary act". He also admitted that he began his career as a rapist by "practicing on black girls in the ghetto." He maintains that his felonious acts have nothing to do with the views expressed in the book. Cleaver was released from prison in 1966, after which he joined the Oakland-based Black Panther Party, serving as Minister of Information (spokesperson).

He was a Presidential candidate in 1968 on the ticket of the Peace and Freedom Party. That very year, he was injured in a confrontation between the Panthers and Oakland police. Charged with attempted murder, he jumped bail to flee to Algeria, where he was joined by Timothy Leary. Cleaver placed Leary under "revolutionary arrest" (kidnapped) as a counter-revolutionary, although Leary was later released alive. Cleaver later left Algeria and spent time in Cuba and France.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Eldridge Cleaver

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Dred Scott

Dred Scott, plaintiff in Dred Scott v. Sanford, Supreme Court of the United States. Painted by Louis Schultze, commissioned by a "group of Negro citizens" and presented to the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, in 1882. Schultze based his work on a daguerreotype by J.H. Fitzgibbon circa 1857 that appeared in Frank Leslie's Weekly, an illustrated literary and news magazine. This image is a faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional work of art and thus not copyrightable in itself in the U.S. as per Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp; the same is also true in many other countries. The original two-dimensional work shown in this image is free content because: This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years.

See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain and also in countries that figure copyright from the date of death of the artist (post mortem auctoris) in this case 1900, and that most commonly run for a period of 50 to 70 years from that date.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The Supreme Court decision Dred Scott v. Sandford was issued on March 6, 1857. Delivered by Chief Justice Roger Taney, this opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution. Primary Documents in American History

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James Meredith at the University of Mississippi

Digital ID: ppmsca 04292. Source: digital file from original. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-04292 (digital file from original negative), Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (160 kilobytes) TITLE: Integration at Ole Miss[issippi] Univ[ersity]. CALL NUMBER: LC-U9- 8556-24 [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ppmsca-04292 (digital file from original negative) RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication.

SUMMARY: Photograph shows James Meredith walking to class accompanied by U.S. marshals. MEDIUM: 1 negative : film. CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1962 Oct. 1. CREATOR: Trikosko, Marion S., photographer.

NOTES: Title from contact sheet folder caption. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. Contact sheet available for reference purposes: USN&WR COLL - Job no. 8556, frame 24.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original) ppmsca 04292 hdl.loc.gov/ppmsca.04292, CONTROL #: 2003688159

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-DIG-ppmsca-05633] James Meredith, accompanied by federal officials, enrolls on October, 1, 1962, at the University of Mississippi.

In September 1962, a federal court ordered the university to accept Meredith, a 28-year-old, black Air Force veteran, much to the consternation of segregationists. Governor Ross Barnett said he would never allow the school to be integrated.

After days of violence and rioting by whites and a great deal of political maneuvering between Barnett and the administration, President John F. Kennedy sent more than 10,000 soldiers to ensure the safety of Meredith on his first day of classes.

Because he had earned college credits elsewhere, Meredith graduated the following August. (Library of Congress) The U.S. Civil Rights Movement

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