Weather, Severe Storms Tornado

The first tornado captured by the NSSL doppler radar and NSSL chase personnel. The tornado is here in its early stage of formation. Image ID: nssl0064, National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collection,

Location: Union City, Oklahoma, Photo Date: May 24, 1973, Credit: NOAA Photo Library, NOAA Central Library; OAR/ERL/National Severe Storms, Laboratory (NSSL). NOAA Photo Library, photolib.noaa.gov/, HiResImage, High Resolution Photo Available - Click Here

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Tornadoes are one of nature's most violent storms. In an average year, about 1,000 tornadoes are reported across the United States, resulting in 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries. A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long.

Tornadoes come in all shapes and sizes and can occur anywhere in the U.S. at any time of the year. In the southern states, peak tornado season is March through May, while peak months in the northern states are during the summer. Text Credit NOAA

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Weather, 1913 Horrors of Tornado Flood and Fire

Frontispiece to "Horrors of Tornado Flood and Fire," by Frederick E. Drinker. 1913. An account of tornados, flooding and accompanying fires from Nebraska to New York in the year 1913. Image ID: libr0506, Treasures of the NOAA Library Collection. High Resolution Photo Available - Click Here.

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Great Lakes Storm of 1913, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Great Lakes Storm of 1913, historically referred to as the "Big Blow," the "Freshwater Fury," or the "White Hurricane," was a blizzard with hurricane-force winds that devastated the Great Lakes basin in the United States Midwest and the Canadian province of Ontario from November 7, 1913, to November 10, 1913.

The deadliest and most destructive natural disaster to ever hit the lakes1, the Great Lakes Storm killed over 250 people, destroyed 19 ships, and stranded 19 others. The financial loss in vessels alone was nearly US$5 million, or about $100 million in present-day adjusted dollars. The large loss of cargo, including coal, iron ore, and grain, meant short-term rising prices for consumer products throughout North America.

The storm originated as the convergence of two major storm fronts that was fuelled by the lakes' relatively warm waters, a seasonal process called a "November gale". It produced 90 mph (145 km/h) winds, waves over 35 feet (11 m) high, and whiteout snow squalls.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Great Lakes Storm of 1913.

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Women's History Month, Barbara Jordan

TITLE: [Congresswoman Barbara Jordan, head-and-shoulders portrait, possibly seated in a Congressional chamber] / [TOH]. CALL NUMBER: USN&WR COLL - Job no. 32512, frame 12 [P and P],

REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-U9-32512-12 (b and w film neg.), LC-DIG-ppmsc-01268 (digital file from original negative), No known restrictions on publication.

MEDIUM: 1 negative : film. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1976 Apr. 7. CREATOR: O'Halloran, Thomas J., photographer.

NOTES: Title devised by Library staff. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. Contact sheet available for reference purposes. Contact sheet NOS 10-27-03

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (original) ppmsc 01268, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: 2003688128

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Barbara Jordan, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American politician from Texas. She served as a member of Congress from 1973 to 1979.

Jordan was born in Houston, Texas's Fifth Ward. Jordan attended Wheatley High School and graduated magna cum laude from Texas Southern University in 1956 and from Boston University Law School in 1959. She passed the Bar Exams in Massachusetts and Texas before returning to Houston to open a law practice.

Jordan was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994. It was only one of many honors given her, including election into both the Texas and National Women's Hall of Fame. On January 19, 1996, Jordan lay in state at the LBJ Library on the campus of The University of Texas at Austin. She was buried in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, and was the first black woman interred there.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Barbara Jordan.

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Women's History Month, Golda Meir

TITLE: Golda Meir, CALL NUMBER: USN&WR COLL - Job no. 27286, frame 5 [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-U9-27286-5 (b and w film neg.), No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: Portrait, head and shoulders, facing right. MEDIUM: 1 negative : film. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1973 March 1.

Digital ID: ppmsc 03265 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-U9-27286-5 (b&w film neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (84 kilobytes)

NOTES: Photo by Marion S. Trikosko. This record contains unverified data from "Famous People" reference aid. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection. Contact sheet available for reference purposes.

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Golda Meir, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Golda Meir (Hebrew: גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר) Golda Mabovitz; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was one of the founders of the State of Israel. She served as the Minister of Labor, Foreign Minister, and as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel from March 17, 1969 to April 11, 1974. Golda Meir was the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics years before the epithet was coined for Margaret Thatcher. David Ben-Gurion once described her as "the only man in the Cabinet." She is the first (and to date only) female Prime Minister of Israel, and was the third female Prime Minister in the world

She was born as Golda Mabovitz in Kiev in the Ukraine, then part of Imperial Russia, to Blume Naidtich and Moshe Mabovitz. She wrote in her autobiography that her earliest memories were of her father boarding up the front door in response to rumors of an imminent pogrom. Living conditions in the Pale of Settlement were tough; she and her two sisters (Sheyna and Tzipke) were often hungry and cold. Her other five siblings had died in their childhood. Golda especially looked up to Sheyna. Her father left for the United States in 1903. In the following years the rest of the family stayed in Pinsk and Golda's big sister Sheyna was engaged in Zionist-Revolutionary activity, which endangered her. It impressed young Golda very much and urged on the rest of the family to follow Moshe to the United States in 1906.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Golda Meir.

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Women's History Month, Mary Edwards Walker M.D.

"Let the generations know that women in uniform also guaranteed their freedom." ~ Mary Edwards Walker MD

	TITLE: [Dr. Mary Edwards Walker, 1832-1919, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left, wearing man's top hat and coat], CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-48794 (b and w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: cph 3a48925 Source: digital file from b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-48794 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,769 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [ca. 1911], NOTES: Photo by Bain News Service. Title and other information transcribed from unverified, old caption card data and item. George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

DIGITAL ID: (digital file from b and w film copy neg.) cph 3a48925, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/, CARD #: 2005685497

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Mary was the youngest of five daughters, followed by one son, born in Oswego NY to Alvah and Vesta Walker. Her father Alvah was a carpenter-farmer and abolitionist who believed in free thinking and many of the reform movements in the mid-1800s – including education and equality for his daughters, as well as dress reform (feeling their movements and abilities were impaired by the tight-fitting women’s clothing of the time). The girls provided farm labor, so their father did not expect them to wear restrictive corsets and such attire while working. He also intended all of his children to be educated and pursue professional careers. Women in History. Mary Edwards Walker. Lakewood Public Library

Mary Edwards Walker, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (November, 1832 – February 21, 1919) was a feminist, abolitionist, prohibitionist, spy, prisoner of war, surgeon and the only woman to receive the Medal of Honor.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Mary Edwards Walker.

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Women's History Month, Harriet Beecher Stowe

TITLE: Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811-1896, CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1811-1896 [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-11212 (b and w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: Portrait, head and shoulders, facing right.

Digital ID: cph 3a13608 Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-11212 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,818 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [ca. 1880], NOTES: Photo size 14 x 11 in. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card. REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

DIGITAL ID: (b and w film copy neg.) cph 3a13608 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: 2004672776

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This image is in the public domain in the United States. In most cases, this means that it was first published in the United States prior to January 1, 1923. Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe, born Harriet Elizabeth Beecher (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an abolitionist and writer of more than 10 books, the most famous being Uncle Tom's Cabin which describes life in slavery, and which was first published in serial form from 1851 to 1852 in an abolitionist organ, the National Era, edited by Gamaliel Bailey.

Her second novel was Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp: another anti-slavery novel. Born in Litchfield, Connecticut and raised primarily in Hartford, she was the daughter of Lyman Beecher, an abolitionist Congregationalist preacher from Boston and Roxana Foote Beecher, and the sister of renowned minister, Henry Ward Beecher. In 1832, her family moved to Cincinnati, another hotbed of the abolitionist movement, where her father became the first president of Lane Theological Seminary. There she gained first-hand knowledge of slavery and the Underground railroad and was moved to write Uncle Tom's Cabin, the first major American novel with an African-American hero. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Harriet Beecher Stowe.

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March 20, 1852 – Uncle Tom's Cabin by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe was first published, profoundly affecting attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States.

Women's History Month, Harriet Beecher Stowe editing by sookietex More about this image and story at Public Domain Clip Art - http://publicdomainclip-art.blogspot.com/2006/03/womens-history-month-harriet-beecher.html

Women's History Month, Sophie Tucker

Women's History Month, Sophie Tucker "The Last of the Red Hot Mamas", CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 6510-13[P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-38948 (digital file from original negative) , No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card}

Digital ID: ggbain 38948 Source: digital file from original neg. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-38948 (digital file from original negative) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (79 kilobytes)

NOTES: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Temp. note: Batch eight loaded.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 38948, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/, CARD #: ggb2006014353

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Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, [REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-38948]

This file has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide.

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Sophie Tucker, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sophie Tucker (January 13, 1884 - February 9, 1966) was a singer and comedian, one of the most popular United States entertainers of the first third of the 20th century.

She was born Sophia Kalish to a Jewish family in Czarist Russia; her family emigrated to the United States when she was an infant and settled in Hartford, Connecticut. In 1903, at the age of 19, she was briefly married to Louis Tuck; from which she decided to change her name to "Tucker."

Tucker played piano and sang burlesque and vaudeville tunes, at first in blackface. She later said that this was at the insistence of theater managers, who said she was "too fat and ugly" to be accepted by the audience in any other context. She even sang songs that acknowledged her heft, like "Nobody Loves a Fat Girl, But Oh How a Fat Girl Can Love."

At a 1908 appearance the luggage containing Tucker's makeup kit was stolen shortly before the show, and she hastily went on stage without her customary blackface. To the theater manager's surprise, Tucker was a bigger hit without her makeup than with it, and she never wore blackface again.

Sophie Tucker's comic style is credited with influencing later female entertainers, including Bette Midler, Joan Rivers, and Roseanne Barr. In addition to her performing, Tucker was active in efforts to unionize professional actors, and was elected president of the American Federation of Actors in 1938.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Sophie Tucker.

Listen to a recording of Sophie Tucker performing her hit "Some of These Days". Audio Copyright Status: Not copyrighted in the United States. If you live elsewhere please check the laws of your country before downloading this ebook from Project Gutenberg,

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Women's History Month, Mata Hari

Mata Hari, The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in the public domain in the United States. (see Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.).

TITLE: Mata Hari (Lady Macleod), CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 4364-7[P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-25495 (digital file from original negative), No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card.

Digital ID: ggbain 25495 Source: digital file from original neg. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-25495 (digital file from original negative) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (117 kilobytes)

This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or less.

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1923.

Postcard of Mata Hari in Paris. Date: 1906. Author: Lucien Walery

NOTES: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Temp. note: Batch six loaded.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 25495 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: ggb2006000909

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Mata Hari, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Margaretha Zelle was born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands to a dutch businessman and a Javanese woman. At the age of eighteen she went to live in Java. In the opening years of the 20th century, she moved to Paris where she performed as a circus horse rider, using the name Lady MacLeod. Struggling to earn a living, she also obtained work as an artist's model.

In 1905, she began to win fame as an exotic Oriental-style dancer. It was then that she adopted the stage name Mata Hari, which means sun in Indonesian and Malay.

For her act, she posed as a princess from Java of priestly Indian birth, pretending to have been initiated into the art of sacred Indian dance since childhood.

Although the explanations were fiction, the act was spectacularly successful because it elevated exotic dance to a more respectable status, and so broke new ground in a style of entertainment for which Paris was to be world famous.

Mata Hari was also a successful courtesan and had relationships with many military officers, politicians and others in influential positions in many countries, including France, Russia and Germany. Bisexual, she also is alleged to have had an affair with the Russian-born U.S. actress, Alla Nazimova.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Mata Hari

Women's History Month Mata Hari in Paris. c1906 editing by sookietex More about this image and story at Public Domain Clip Art - http://publicdomainclip-art.blogspot.com/2006/03/womens-history-month-mata-hari.html

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Women's History Month, Annie Oakley

TITLE: Annie Oakley, CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Oakley, Annie [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-7873 (b and w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: Portrait, full length, facing front.

Digital ID: cph 3a10507 Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-7873 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,443 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1899. NOTES: Reproduction of photograph. Copyright by Richard K. Fox. (EXPIRED) This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (b and w film copy neg.) cph 3a10507, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: 2004672057

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Annie Oakley, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Annie Oakley (birth name Phoebe Ann Mozee, August 13, 1860 – November 3, 1926) was a United States sharpshooter in the American West.

Oakley began hunting at the age of nine to support her siblings and her widowed mother. She soon became known as a marksman. After defeating a sideshow marksman named Frank E. Butler (1850-1926) aka Francis Butler, at a contest in Cincinnati, Ohio, she married him in 1876. They lived in Cincinnati for a time, and it is widely believed that she took her stage name from the city's neighborhood of Oakley, where they resided. She later became Butler's assistant in his travelling show.

They joined the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show in 1885, and she was advertised as "Little Miss Sure Shot", a nickname given to her by Sitting Bull. Oakley had such good aim that she knocked the ashes off a cigar held by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Annie Oakley.

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Women's History Month, The Sport of Roller Derby

TITLE: [Two women's league roller derby skaters leap over two who have fallen] / World-Telegram photo by Al Aumuller, CALL NUMBER: NYWTS - SUBJ/GEOG--Skating--Roller Derby [item] [P and P]

Digital ID: cph 3c33382 Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-133382 (b and w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (113 kilobytes)

REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-133382 (b and w film copy neg.), No known copyright restriction. For information see "New York World-Telegram and ..." (lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/res/076_nyw ), MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1950 March 10.

CREATOR: Aumuller, Al, photographer.. NOTES: Title devised by Library staff. NYWT&S staff photograph. Forms part of: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection (Library of Congress).

PART OF: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection (Library of Congress), REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (b and w film copy neg.) cph 3c33382 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: 2003671282

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Roller derby, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Roller derby is an American contact sport—and historically, a form of sports entertainment—based on formation roller skating around a track. It is played at both professional and amateur levels. While traditionally for both women and men, roller derby has developed a predominately female circuit during its current revival.

History - In 1935, during the worst times of the Depression era, a sports promoter named Leo Seltzer invented a spectacle he called Roller Derby staged at the Chicago Coliseum. Originally intended to compete with then-popular dance marathons, the derby was a simulation of a cross-country roller skating race in which participants circled a track thousands of times to simulate covering the distance between Los Angeles, California and New York, New York. Occasionally, massive collisions and crashes occurred as skaters tried to lap those who were ahead of them. Seltzer realized this was the most exciting part, and tweaked his game to maximize the carnage.

First wave - Roller Derby achieved its first wave of televised popularity in the 1950s centering on the New York Chiefs with nationwide appearances on CBS and ABC. In 1958, Leo Seltzer's son Jerry moved the operation to the San Francisco Bay Area and established the most fabled team in the entire history of the sport, the longtime champion San Francisco Bay Bombers. A more theatrical imitation, called Roller Games, began with retired Derby skaters in 1961 in Los Angeles.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Roller derby.

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Women's History Month, Calamity Jane

TITLE: [Martha Canary, 1852-1903, ("Calamity Jane"), full-length portrait, seated with rifle as General Crook's scout], CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-50004 (b amd w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: cph 3a53082 Source: digital file from b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-50004 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (84 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1895. NOTES: Photo copyrighted by H. R. Locke.(EXPIRED) This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain.

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Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, [REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-50004]

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (digital file from b and w film copy neg.) cph 3a53082 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp , CARD #: 2005689345

Martha Jane Cannary - (Calamity Jane) - Frequented the Fort Laramie area and was an employee of the famous Three Mile or "Hog" Ranch (a house of ill repute just outside Fort Laramie Military Reservation). Calamity Jane's exploits are legendary. On one occasion, Calamity Jane dressed as a male and joined the Jenny expedition of 1875, to the Black Hills. She disguised herself as one of the cavalry troopers escorting the expedition. When discovered, Colonel Dodge ordered her out of the column, but she hid amongst the cargo in one of the wagons and later turned up in the Black Hills. There she reportedly made herself so useful as a forager that she was permitted to stay with the column. In 1876, she was discovered masquerading as one of General Crook's mule skinners, placed under arrest, and sent packing back to Fort Laramie. Calamity probably would not have been discovered had it not been for the fact that "her language when addressing the animals was not up to the usual standards of vituperative eloquence." nps.gov/fola/facts

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Women's History Month, Helen Keller

TITLE: Helen Keller, 1880-1968, REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-78982, CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Keller, Helen, 1880-1968 [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-78982 (b and w film copy neg.), No known restrictions on publication. SUMMARY: Full lgth., kneeling, facing right; right hand on dog; left hand on book. RELATED: Helen Keller, New England Historic Genealogical Society Announces discovery of Helen Keller photo and Anne Sullivan Macy

Digital ID: cph 3b26065 Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-78982 (b and w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,953 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1904.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain.

NOTES: Photoprint copyrighted by Whitman, Chelsea, Mass. No. 12. This record contains unverified data from caption card. Caption card tracings: Animals--Dogs; Blind--Printing and writing systems; Photog. I.; BI; Braille; Shelf.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

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Helen Keller, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was a deafblind American author, activist and lecturer.

Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her disabilities were caused by a fever in February, 1882 when she was 19 months old. Her loss of ability to communicate at such an early developmental age was very traumatic for her and her family.

Helen went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. She is remembered as an advocate for the sensorially handicapped, but also supported progressive causes. She was a suffragist, a pacifist and a birth control supporter. In 1915 she founded Helen Keller International, a non-profit organization for preventing blindness.

Helen and Anne Sullivan traveled all over the world to over 39 countries, and made several trips to Japan, becoming a favorite of the Japanese people. Helen Keller met every U.S. President from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon B. Johnson and was friends with many famous figures including Alexander Graham Bell, Charlie Chaplin and Mark Twain.

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Women's History Month, Anne Sullivan Macy

Anne Sullivan Macy, This file has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide

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Anne was born on April 14, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. Though she was called Anne or Annie from the very beginning, her baptismal certificate identifies her as Johanna Mansfield Sullivan Anne Sullivan Macy Biography

Anne Sullivan, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Anne Sullivan, Annie Sullivan, or Johanna Mansfield Sullivan Macy, (April 14, 1866–October 20, 1936) was a teacher best known as the tutor of Helen Keller.

Sullivan was born in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. Her parents, Thomas Sullivan and Alice Clohessy, were poor Irish farmers who left Ireland in 1847 because of the Irish Potato Famine. Sullivan’s father was an alcoholic and sometimes abused her, but he also passed on to her Irish tradition and folklore. Her mother suffered from tuberculosis. Her mother died when she was eight, and when she was ten, her father deserted her and her siblings, leaving them at the Massachusetts State Infirmary in Tewksbury. Sullivan spent all her time with her younger, crippled brother (who, like his mother, suffered from tuberculosis) in hopes that they would never be separated; however, Jimmie soon died in the infirmary.

When Sullivan was three she began having trouble with her eyesight; at age five, she contracted the eye disease trachoma, a bacterial disease that affects the eye and can often lead to blindness, because of the scar tissue it creates. Sullivan underwent a long string of operations in attempts to fix her eyesight. Doctors in Tewksbury had made a few unsuccessful attempts to clean her eyelids, but these procedures did no good. Later, a Catholic priest and the chaplain of the nearest hospital, by the name of Father Barbara set out to correct her condition.

He arranged a procedure at the hospital for her eyes. The doctors attempted to numb her eyes with cocaine before the procedure. This operation failed to correct her vision and more attempts were made. Father Barbara took her to The Boston City Infirmary this time where she had two more operations. Even after this attempt her vision remained blurry and unchanged.

After this, Sullivan then returned to Tewksbury, against her will. After four years there, in 1880, she entered the Perkins School for the Blind where she underwent surgery and regained some of her sight. After regaining her eyesight and graduating as class valedictorian in 1886, she began teaching Helen Keller.

She taught Keller the names of things with the sign language alphabet signed into Keller's palm. In 1888, they went to the Perkins Institution together, then New York City's Wright-Humasen School, then the Cambridge School for Young Ladies, and finally to Radcliffe College. Keller graduated from Radcliffe in 1904 and after that, they moved together to Wrentham, Massachusetts, and lived on a benefactor's farm.

In 1905, Sullivan married a Harvard University professor, John A. Macy, who had helped Keller with her autobiography. Within a few years, their marriage began to disintegrate. By 1914 they separated, though they never officially divorced. Sullivan stayed with Keller at her home and joined her on tours. In 1935 she became completely blind. She died in Forest Hills, New York, on October 20, 1936.

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Women's History Month, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

"The prejudice against color, of which we hear so much, is no stronger than that against sex. It is produced by the same cause, and manifested very much in the same way." ~ Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Digital ID: cph 3a49096 Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-48965 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (70 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,286 kilobytes)

TITLE: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her daughter, Harriot--from a daguerreotype 1856, CALL NUMBER: Unprocessed in PR 13 CN 1979:169 [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-48965 (b and w film copy neg.), SUMMARY: Elizabeth Cady Stanton holding her daughter Harriot, half-length portrait, facing right. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED/PUBLISHED: [between 1890 and 1910 of daguerreotype taken 1856]

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published works before 1923 are now in the public domain.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, [REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-48965]

NOTES: Photograph of a daguerreotype taken in 1856. Unprocessed in PR 13 CN 1979:169. BIOG FILE reference copy NOS 1/97. REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (b and w film copy neg.) cph 3a49096 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , VIDEO FRAME ID: LCPP003A-49096 (from b and w film copy neg.), CARD #: 97500106

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815 – October 26, 1902) was a social activist, and a leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the United States. With her husband, Henry Stanton and cousin, Gerrit Smith, Elizabeth Cady Stanton was also active in the anti-slavery Abolitionist movement. Stanton had a strong friendship with abolitionist and former slave Frederick Douglass.

Elizabeth Cady met Henry Brewster Stanton through her early involvement in the temperance and the abolition movements. Henry Stanton was a journalist, an antislavery orator, and, after their marriage, became an attorney. Despite Daniel Cady's reservations, the couple were married in 1840 and had seven carefully spaced children. Cady Stanton loved motherhood and assumed primary responsibility for rearing the children. She was remembered by her daughter Margaret as cheerful, sunny and indulgent. Stanton took her husband's surname as part of her own, signing herself Elizabeth Cady Stanton or E. Cady Stanton, but refused to be addressed as Mrs. Henry B. Stanton. Feeling that women were individual persons, she asserted that "(t)he custom of calling women Mrs. John This and Mrs. Tom That and colored men Sambo and Zip Coon, is founded on the principle that white men are lords of all."

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Bonnie Parker and Clyde Champion Barrow

Bonnie Parker and Clyde Champion Barrow. Public Domain ClipArt Stock Photos and Images.

License an Copyright Status: This website is provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a public service.

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FBI History, Famous Cases, Bonnie and Clyde - Clyde Champion Barrow and his companion, Bonnie Parker, were shot to death by officers in an ambush near Sailes, Bienville Parish, Louisiana, on May 23, 1934, after one of the most colorful and spectacular manhunts the Nation had seen up to that time.

Barrow was suspected of numerous killings and was wanted for murder, robbery, and state charges of kidnaping.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), then called the Bureau of Investigation, became interested in Barrow and his paramour late in December, 1932, through a singular bit of evidence. A Ford automobile, which had been stolen in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, was found abandoned near Jackson, Michigan in September of that year. At Pawhuska, it was learned another Ford car had been abandoned there which had been stolen in Illinois. A search of this car revealed it had been occupied by a man and a woman, indicated by abandoned articles therein. In this car was found a prescription bottle, which led Special Agents to a drug store in Nacogdoches, Texas, where investigation disclosed the woman for whom the prescription had been filled was Clyde Barrow's aunt.

Further investigation revealed that the woman who obtained the prescription had been visited recently by Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker, and Clyde's brother, L. C. Barrow. It also was learned that these three were driving a Ford car, identified as the one stolen in Illinois. It was further shown that L. C. Barrow had secured the empty prescription bottle from a son of the woman who had originally obtained it.

On May 20, 1933, the United States Commissioner at Dallas, Texas, issued a warrant against Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, charging them with the interstate transportation, from Dallas to Oklahoma, of the automobile stolen in Illinois. The FBI then started its hunt for this elusive pair.

Background - Bonnie and Clyde met in Texas in January, 1930. At the time, Bonnie was 19 and married to an imprisoned murderer; Clyde was 21 and unmarried. Soon after, he was arrested for a burglary and sent to jail. He escaped, using a gun Bonnie had smuggled to him, was recaptured, and was sent back to prison. Clyde was paroled in February, 1932, rejoined Bonnie, and resumed a life of crime.

In addition to the automobile theft charge, Bonnie and Clyde were suspects in other crimes. At the time they were killed in 1934, they were believed to have committed 13 murders and several robberies and burglaries. Barrow, for example, was suspected of murdering two police officers at Joplin, Missouri, and kidnaping a man and a woman in rural Louisiana. He released them near Waldo, Texas. Numerous sightings followed, linking this pair with bank robberies and automobile thefts. Clyde allegedly murdered a man at Hillsboro, Texas; committed robberies at Lufkin and Dallas, Texas; murdered one sheriff and wounded another at Stringtown, Oklahoma; kidnaped a deputy at Carlsbad, New Mexico; stole an automobile at Victoria, Texas; attempted to murder a deputy at Wharton, Texas; committed murder and robbery at Abilene and Sherman, Texas; committed murder at Dallas, Texas; abducted a sheriff and the chief of police at Wellington, Texas; and committed murder at Joplin and Columbia, Missouri.

The Crime Spree Begins - Later in 1932, Bonnie and Clyde began traveling with Raymond Hamilton, a young gunman. Hamilton left them several months later, and was replaced by William Daniel Jones in November, 1932.

Ivan M. "Buck" Barrow, brother of Clyde, was released from the Texas State Prison on March 23, 1933, having been granted a full pardon by the Governor. He quickly joined Clyde, bringing his wife, Blanche, so the group now numbered five persons. This gang embarked upon a series of bold robberies which made headlines across the country. They escaped capture in various encounters with the law. However, their activities made law enforcement efforts to apprehend them even more intense. During a shootout with police in Iowa on July 29, 1933, Buck Barrow was fatally wounded and Blanche was captured. Jones, who was frequently mistaken for "Pretty Boy" Floyd, was captured in November, 1933, at Houston, Texas, by the sheriff's office. Bonnie and Clyde went on together.

On November 22, 1933, a trap was set by the Dallas, Texas, sheriff and his deputies in an attempt to capture Bonnie and Clyde near Grand Prairie, Texas, but the couple escaped the officer's gunfire. They held up an attorney on the highway and took his car, which they abandoned at Miami, Oklahoma. On December 21, 1933, Bonnie and Clyde held up and robbed a citizen at Shreveport, Louisiana.

On January 16, 1934, five prisoners, including the notorious Raymond Hamilton (who was serving sentences totaling more than 200 years), were liberated from the Eastham State Prison Farm at Waldo, Texas, by Clyde Barrow, accompanied by Bonnie Parker. Two guards were shot by the escaping prisoners with automatic pistols, which had been previously concealed in a ditch by Barrow. As the prisoners ran, Barrow covered their retreat with bursts of machine-gun fire. Among the escapees was Henry Methvin of Louisiana.


The Last Months - On April 1, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde encountered two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas. Before the officers could draw their guns, they were shot. On April 6, 1934, a constable at Miami, Oklahoma, fell mortally wounded by Bonnie and Clyde, who also abducted a police chief, whom they wounded.

The FBI had jurisdiction solely on the charge of transporting a stolen automobile, although the activities of the Bureau Agents were vigorous and ceaseless. Every clue was followed. "Wanted notices" furnishing fingerprints, photograph, description, criminal record, and other data were distributed to all officers. The Agents followed the trail through many states and into various haunts of the Barrow gang, particularly Louisiana. The association with Henry Methvin and the Methvin family of Louisiana was discovered by FBI Agents and they found that Bonnie and Clyde had been driving a car stolen in New Orleans.

On April 13, 1934, an FBI Agent, through investigation in the vicinity of Ruston, Louisiana, obtained information which definitely placed Bonnie and Clyde in a remote section southwest of that community. The home of the Methvins was not far away and the Agent learned of visits there by Bonnie and Clyde. Special Agents in Texas had learned that Clyde and his companion had been traveling from Texas to Louisiana, sometimes accompanied by Henry Methvin.

The FBI and local law enforcement authorities in Louisiana and Texas concentrated on apprehending Bonnie and Clyde, whom they strongly believed to be in the area. It was learned that Bonnie and Clyde, with some of the Methvins, had staged a party at Black Lake, Louisiana, on the night of May 21, 1934, and were due to return to the area two days later.

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Before dawn on May 23, 1934, a posse composed of police officers from Louisiana and Texas, including Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, concealed themselves in bushes along the highway near Sailes, Louisiana. In the early daylight, Bonnie and Clyde appeared in an automobile and when they attempted to drive away, the officers opened fire. Bonnie and Clyde were killed instantly. Federal Bureau of Investigation: FBI History Famous Cases, Bonnie and Clyde

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Women's History Month, Carrie Nation

TITLE: Carrie Nation, CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 1131-3[P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-05640 (digital file from original neg.), No known restrictions on publication. MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card.

Digital ID: ggbain 05640 Source: digital file from original neg. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-05640 (digital file from original neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (118 kilobytes)

NOTES: Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Temp. note: Batch two loaded.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 05640 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: ggb2004005640

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Carrie Nation, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carrie Amelia Nation (November 25, 1846 – June 9, 1911) was perhaps the most famous person to emerge from the temperance movement—the battles against alcohol in pre-Prohibition America—due to her habit of attacking saloons with a hatchet. She has been the topic of numerous books, articles and even a 1966 opera at the University of Kansas.

Born Carrie Moore in Garrard County, Kentucky, Nation attributed her passion for fighting liquor to a failed first marriage to an alcoholic. She got her myth-making last name from her second husband, David Nation.

The spelling of her first name is ambiguous; both "Carrie" and "Carry" are considered correct. Official records list the former, and she herself used that spelling most of her life; the latter was used by her father in the family Bible. Upon beginning her campaign against liquor in the early 20th century, she adopted the name Carry A. Nation mainly for its value as a slogan, and had it registered as a trademark in the state of Kansas.

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Women's History Month, Marian Anderson

Marian Anderson mural dedicated. Marian Anderson, noted contralto, sings "The Star Spangled Banner" at the dedication of a mural commemorating her free public concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday, 1939. The dedication was held in the Department of Interior Auditorium before a distinguished audience on January

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CALL NUMBER: LC-USE6- D-007911 [P amd P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USE6-D-007911 (b and w film nitrate neg.)LC-USZ62-131111 (b and w film copy neg. from print), MEDIUM: 1 negative : nitrate ; 5 x 7 inches or smaller. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1943 Jan. CREATOR: Smith, Roger, photographer. (Official U.S. Government Photographer, Office of War Information)

Generally speaking, works created by U.S. Government employees are not eligible for copyright protection in the United States. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office.

Digital ID: fsa 8b07840 Source: intermediary roll film, Reproduction Number: LC-USE6-D-007911 (b and w film nitrate neg.) , LC-USZ62-131111 (b and w film copy neg. from print), Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540, Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (142 kilobytes)

NOTES: Title and other information from caption card. Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches). BIOG FILE - Anderson, Marian (Location of corresponding print.), Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944. Film copy on SIS roll 33, frame 581.

PART OF: Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection (Library of Congress), REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540, DIGITAL ID: (intermediary roll film) fsa 8b07840, CARD #: oem2002006405/PP

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, [REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USE6-D-007911]

Marian Anderson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She joined a junior church choir at the age of six, and applied to an all-white music school after her graduation from high school in 1921, but was turned away because she was black. The woman working the admissions counter replied "We don't take colored" when she tried to apply. Consequently, she continued her singing studies with a private teacher.

She debuted at the New York Philharmonic on August 26, 1925 and scored an immediate success, also with the critics. In 1928, she sang for the first time at Carnegie Hall. Her reputation was further advanced by her tour though Europe in the early 1930s. The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius dedicated his Solitude to her. In 1935 impresario Sol Hurok took over as her manager and was with her for the rest of her performing career.

On January 7, 1955, Anderson broke the color barrier by becoming the first African-American to perform with the New York Metropolitan Opera. On that occasion, she sang the part of Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera. The occasion was bittersweet as Anderson, at age 58, was no longer in her prime vocally.

In 1958 she was officially designated delegate to the United Nations, a formalization of her role as "goodwill ambassador" of the U.S. she played earlier, and in 1972 she was awarded the UN Peace Prize.

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Women's History Month, Gypsy Rose Lee

Women's History Month, Gypsy Rose Lee Digital ID: gsc 5a09788 Source: intermediary roll film Reproduction Number: LC-G612-T-44060-A (interpositive) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (126 kilobytes)

MEDIUM: 1 negative : safety ; 5x7 in. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1943 Sept. 23. CREATOR: Gottscho-Schleisner, Inc., photographer, NOTES: Annotation: for House and garden

PART OF: Gottscho-Schleisner Collection (Library of Congress), REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (intermediary roll film) gsc 5a09788 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ , CARD #: gsc1994020146/P

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TITLE: Gypsy Rose Lee, residence at 153 E. 63rd St., New York City. Herself under the Bouguereau pose I, CALL NUMBER: LC-G612- 44060-A P and P [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-G612-T-44060-A (interpositive), No known restrictions on publication.

Gypsy Rose Lee (February 9, 1911 - April 26, 1970) was an American actress and burlesque entertainer.

She was born Rose Louise Hovick in Seattle, Washington Gypsy was initially known by her middle name, Louise. Her mother, Rose Thompson, was fifteen when she married John Hovick, who, according to Rose's 1911 birth certificate was an ad salesman with a newspaper. Rose Thompson Hovick was the classic example of a smothering stage mother, though the more horrid details were reportedly whitewashed in Gypsy's memoirs.

A second daughter, Ellen Hovick (better known as actress June Havoc) was born in 1916. She too would be known by her middle name, June (although some sources indicate that Ellen Hovick's middle name was "Evangeline"). After Rose T. Hovick divorced her husband John, the girls earned the family's money by appearing in vaudeville where June's talent shone, while Louise remained in the background.

At the age of 16, June married a boy in the act named Bobby Reed. Mother Rose had Bobby arrested and met him at the police station carrying a hidden gun. She pulled the trigger, but the safety was on, and Bobby was freed. June left the act and went on to give birth to April Reed.

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Women's History Month, Maria Montessori M.D.

TITLE: Maria Montessori, CALL NUMBER: LC-B2- 2925-9[P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-14964 (digital file from original negative), No known restrictions on publication.

Digital ID: ggbain 14964 Source: digital file from original neg. Reproduction Number: LC-DIG-ggbain-14964 (digital file from original negative) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.

MEDIUM: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. CREATED, PUBLISHED: [no date recorded on caption card.

NOTES: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress)

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) ggbain 14964 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/, CARD #: ggb2005014968

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Maria Montessori M.D. edited by sookietex



Maria Montessori M.D. unedited image

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, [REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ggbain-14964]

In 1897, Maria Montessori joined the staff of the University of Rome as a voluntary assistant. One of her responsibilities is what led her to develop her educational philosophy. She was to visit asylums for the insane where she came across learning disabled children, unable to function in schools or families. Montessori found the children very responsive to doing work with their hands and bodies.

In 1901 she returned to the University of Rome with a desire to study the mind instead of the body. In 1904 she was offered a job teaching as the professor of anthropology at the University of Rome. She accepted but in 1906 gave the job up to work with sixty young children of working families. Her work was so successful that even learning disabled children began to pass examinations.

With these sixty children she started a "Children's House" in San Lorenzo Rome. This children's home was an environment that offered the children the opportunity to develop their activities. She began to notice how the children absorbed knowledge almost effortlessly from their surroundings which helped inspire her lifelong pursuit of educational reform.

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Women's History Month, Marie Curie

Marie Curie, (article) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Marie Curie (Polish Maria Skłodowska-Curie, November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934) was a chemist, pioneer in the early field of radiology and a two-time Nobel laureate. She also became the first woman ever appointed to teach at the Sorbonne.

She was born in Warsaw, Poland and spent her early years there, but in 1891 at age 24 moved to France to study science in Paris. She obtained all her higher degrees and conducted her scientific career there and became a naturalized French citizen. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw.

At the Sorbonne she met and married another instructor, Pierre Curie. Together they studied radioactive materials, particularly the uranium pitchblende ore, which had the curious property of being more radioactive than the uranium extracted from it. By 1898 they deduced a logical explanation: that the pitchblende contained traces of some unknown radioactive component which was far more radioactive than uranium; thus on December 26th Marie Curie announced the existence of this new substance.

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