Vlad Ţepeş Vlad the Impaler Dracula

Summary: Old painting of Vlad Ţepeş (English: Vlad the Impaler or Dracula, November or December, 1431 – December 1476.) Oil painting at Ambras Castle, Tirol, Austria. This image is a faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional work of art and thus not copyrightable in itself in the U.S. as per Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.; the same is also true in many other countries. The original two-dimensional work shown in this image is free content because: This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, where Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 are now in the public domain and also in countries that figure copyright from the date of death of the artist (post mortem auctoris) and that most commonly run for a period of 50 to 70 years from that date.

Vlad III the Impaler From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vlad III the Impaler (Vlad Ţepeş IPA: ['tsepeʃ] in common Romanian reference; also known as Vlad Dracula or Vlad Drăculea and Kazıklı Voyvoda in Turkish; November or December, 1431 – December 1476) was Prince (voivode) of Wallachia, a former polity that is now part of Romania. His three reigns were in 1448, 1456–62, and 1476. In the English-speaking world, Vlad is best known for the exceedingly cruel punishments he imposed during his reign and for serving as the primary inspiration for the vampire main character in Bram Stoker's popular Dracula novel.

As king, he maintained an independent policy in relation to the Ottoman Empire, and in Romania he is viewed by many as a prince with a deep sense of justice and a defender of Wallachia against Ottoman expansionism.

His Romanian surname Drǎculea, is derived from his father's title Dracul, meaning affiliation to and/or descent from "Dracul" (see Vlad II Dracul); the latter was a member of the Order of the Dragon created by Emperor Sigismund. Vlad's family had two factions, the Drăculeşti and the Dăneşti. The word "dracul" means "the Devil" in modern Romanian but in Vlad's day also meant "dragon" or "demon", and derives from the Latin word Draco, also meaning "dragon".

His post-mortem moniker of Ţepeş (Impaler) originated in his preferred method for executing his opponents, impalement — as popularized by medieval Transylvanian pamphlets. In Turkish, he was known as "Kazıklı Bey" IPA: [kɑzɨkˈɫɨ] which means "Impaler Prince". Vlad was referred to as Dracula in a number of documents of his times, mainly the Transylvanian Saxon pamphlets and The Annals of Jan Długosz.

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President Bush Urges Congress to Pass Appropriations Bills VIDEO PODCAST and Orson Welles War ot the Worlds H.G. Wells and New force-fluorescence device measures motion previously undetectable

Orson Welles War ot the Worlds H.G. Wells

But who shall dwell in these worlds if they be inhabited? ... Are we or they Lords of the World? ... And how are all things made for man? ... Kepler (quoted in The Anatomy of Melancholy) --- The War of the Worlds By H. G. Wells

Item Title [Portrait of Orson Welles]. Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964, photographer. Created,Published, 1937 Mar. 1.

Notes: Title derived from information on verso of photographic print. Van Vechten number: XVII K 27. Gift; Carl Van Vechten Estate; 1966. Forms part of: Portrait photographs of celebrities, a LOT which in turn forms part of the Carl Van Vechten photograph collection (Library of Congress).

Orson Welles

Digital ID: van 5a52776 Source: intermediary roll film Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (137 kilobytes) Digital ID: cph 3c19765. Source: b and w film copy neg. Medium resolution JPEG version (33 kilobytes) Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (98 kilobytes)

Medium: 1 photographic print : gelatin silver. Call Number LOT 12735, no. 1177. REPRODUCTION NUMBER LC-USZ62-119765 DLC (b and w film copy neg.)

Special Terms of Use: For publication information see "Carl Van Vechten Photographs (Lots 12735 and 12736)" Part of Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964. Portrait photographs of celebrities. Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.

Digital ID: (intermediary roll film) van 5a52776 hdl.loc.gov/van.5a52776. (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c19765 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c19765

Copyright and Restrictions: Per the instrument of gift, "for a period of 20 years from the date of this Instrument [1966], none of the photographs contained in said collection may be sold, reproduced, published or given away in any form whatsoever except with my [Saul Mauriber, Photographic Executor for Van Vechten] express permission in writing." This restriction expired in 1986. In 1998 the Library's Publishing Office was contacted by Bruce Kellner, Successor Trustee for the Van Vechten estate, who disputes Mr. Mauriber's authority in executing the Instrument of Gift.

Upon review of the relevant materials, the Library continues to believe that the photographs are in the public domain. However, patrons are advised that Mr. Kellner has expressed his concern that use of Van Vechten's photographs "preserve the integrity" of his work, i.e, that photographs not be colorized or cropped, and that proper credit is given to the photographer

Orson Welles From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an iconic Academy Award-winning American director, writer, actor and producer for film, stage, radio and television.

Critical appreciation for Welles has increased since his death. He is now widely acknowledged as one of the most important dramatic artists of the 20th century, in 2002 being voted in a BFI Top Ten Directors poll by the British Film Institute as the greatest film director of all time.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Orson Welles

War ot the Worlds

October 30, 1938, Radio program Mercury Theater on the Air presents Orson Welles' production of H.G. Wells' "War of the Worlds," a fictional drama about a Martian invasion in Grovers Mill, New Jersey. The program, which aired on Halloween, sparked a panic among listeners who believed the play was an actual news broadcast. High Resolution Image (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 582 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Of the six million listeners who heard the show, more than 1.7 million reportedly believed the story was true. "War of the Worlds" panics millions

This is a statue of a Tripod inspired by the book The War of the Worlds and erected as a tribute to the book's author H. G. Wells in the town centre of Woking, England. Gaius Cornelius 17:51, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

I, the copyright holder of this work, (Gaius Cornelius) hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

The War of the Worlds From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The War of the Worlds (1898), by H.G. Wells, is an early science fiction novella which describes an invasion of England by aliens from Mars. It is one of the earliest and best-known depictions of an alien invasion of Earth, and has influenced many others, as well as spawning several films and a television series based on the story.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, The War of the Worlds

H.G. Wells

H. G. Wells. Immediate image source: Gutenberg.org. Image published in Newcomb, A; Blackford, K.M.H.: Analyzing Character, 1922. Earlier editions from 1916 and 1920 also exist.

This media file is in the public domain in the United States. This applies to U.S. works where the copyright has expired, often because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1923. This image might not be in the public domain outside of the United States (this especially applies in Canada, China (not Macao or Taiwan), Germany or Switzerland). High Resolution Image (443 × 618 pixel, file size: 162 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

H. G. Wells From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 – August 13, 1946), better known as H. G. Wells, was an English writer best known for such science fiction novels as The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man, The First Men in the Moon and The Island of Doctor Moreau.

He was a prolific writer of both fiction and non-fiction, and produced works in many different genres, including contemporary novels, history, and social commentary. He was also an outspoken socialist. His later works become increasingly political and didactic, and only his early science fiction novels are widely read today. Both Wells and Jules Verne are sometimes referred to as "The Father of Science Fiction"

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, H. G. Wells


.

Hudson Hornet

On this day, the last step-down Hudson was produced. Although the Hudson name would live on for another two years, the cars no longer possessed the innovative elegance and handling of models like the Hornet of the early 1950s. October 29, 1954 The last true Hudson I, the copyright holder of these works (ChiemseeMan), hereby release them into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

Hudson Hornet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Hudson Hornet was an automobile produced by the Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan between 1951 and 1954. The Hornet was also built by American Motors Corporation in Kenosha, Wisconsin and marketed under the Hudson brand between 1955 and 1957.

The Hornet was introduced for the 1951 model year and was based upon Hudson's "Stepdown" design, which was introduced for the 1948 model year with the Commodore. These cars were available in two and four-door sedan, convertible coupe and hardtop coupe. The Stepdown was a design which merged body and frame into one structure. The Stepdown's floor pan was recessed in between the car's frame rails instead of the entire chassis being perched on top of the frame. Thus, a person stepped down into a Hudson.

The Hornet was powered by Hudson's H-145 high compression 308ci in-line L-head (flathead) six engine with a two-barrel carburetor producing 145 hp (108 kW) at 3800 rpm. In 1952, the "Twin-H" version of the engine was introduced with dual one-barrel carburetors which produced 170 hp (127 kW). The engine could be tuned to produce 210 hp (157 kW) if equipped with the factory 7-X modifications, introduced later. During 1952 and 1953, the Hornet received minor cosmetic enhancements, and still closely resembled the Commodore of 1948.

For the 1954 model year, the Hornet received a major redesign, which was quite the undertaking because the Stepdown's design, which had the frame wrapped around the entire passenger compartment, dictated the car's shape, and thus a major retooling was required. The 1954 Hornet also received an updated interior. Although the redesign put the Hornet on par with its contemporaries in terms of looks and style, the update came too late to boost sales.

Hornet model year production saw 43,656 units in 1951, 35,921 units in 1952 and 27,208 units in 1953. In its final year before the Hudson merger with Nash-Kelvinator, 24,833 Hornets were produced.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Hudson Hornet

In human grid, we're the cogs and The Crab Nebula and CU researchers shed light on light-emitting nanodevice

The Crab Nebula

In the year 1054 A.D., Chinese astronomers were startled by the appearance of a new star that was so bright that it was visible in broad daylight for several weeks. Located about 6,500 light-years from Earth, the Crab Nebula is the remnant of a star that began its life with about 10 times the mass of our sun. Its life ended on July 4, 1054 when it exploded as a supernova. High Resolution Image (1.66 MB)

Resembling an abstract painting by Jackson Pollack, the image shows ragged shards of gas that are expanding away from the explosion site at over 3 million miles per hour. The core of the star has survived the explosion as a pulsar, a neutron star that spins on its axis 30 times a second. It heats its surroundings, creating the ghostly diffuse bluish-green glowing gas cloud in its vicinity. The colorful network of filaments is the material from the outer layers of the star that was expelled during the explosion. The various colors in the picture arise from different chemical elements in the expanding gas, including hydrogen (orange), nitrogen (red), sulfur (pink), and oxygen (green). The shades of color represent variations in the temperature and density of the gas, as well as changes in the elemental composition.

Image Credit: NASA, Kris Davidson (U. Minn.), William P. Blair (JHU), Robert A. Fesen (Dartmouth), Alan Uomoto (JHU), Gordon M. MacAlpine (U. Mich.), and Richard B.C. Henry (U. Okla.)

Photography: Photographs available from this web site (NASA IMAGE OF THE DAY GALLERY) are not protected by copyright unless noted. If not copyrighted, photographs may be reproduced and distributed without further permission from NASA.

If the NASA material is to be used for commercial purposes, especially including advertisements, it must not explicitly or implicitly convey NASA's endorsement of commercial goods or services.

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Happy Halloween Banners

I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible, I grant any entity the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

If This image is subject to copyright in your jurisdiction, i (sookietex) the copyright holder have irrevocably released all rights to it, allowing it to be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, used, modified, built upon, or otherwise exploited in any way by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, with or without attribution of the author, as if in the public domain.

Images generated free for any use by David Bonnell and Cameron Gregory, Script by Vidar, created with flamingtext

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Native American Heritage Geronimo

Digital ID: cph 3a37017. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-36613 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,392 kilobytes) Unedited Image TITLE: Geronimo. CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Geronimo [item] [P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-36613 (b&w film copy neg.) RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication.

SUMMARY: Portrait, facing front, posed on one knee holding rifle. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1886. NOTES: Photo by A.F. Randall, Wilcox, A.T. This record contains unverified, old data from caption card.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a37017. hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a37017. CONTROL #: 2004672097

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-36613]

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication.

Geronimo From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Geronimo (Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns"; often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English) (June 16, 1829–February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who warred against the encroachment of the United States on his tribal lands and people for over 25 years.

Goyaałé (Geronimo) was born to the Bedonkohe band of the Apache, near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in what is now the state of New Mexico, then part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe land.

Geronimo's father, Tablishim, and mother, Juana, educated him according to Apache traditions. He married a woman from the Chiricauhua band of Apache; they had three children. On March 5, 1851, a company of 400 Sonoran soldiers led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco attacked Geronimo's camp outside Janos while the men were in town trading. Among those dead were Geronimo's wife, Alope, his children, and mother. His chief, Mangas Coloradas, sent him to Cochise's band for help in revenge against the Mexicans. It was the Mexicans who named him Geronimo. This appellation stemmed from a battle in which he repeatedly attacked Mexican soldiers with a knife, ignoring a deadly hail of bullets. In reference to the Mexicans' plea to Saint Jerome, the name stuck

The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. To counter the early Apache raids on Spanish settlements, presidios were established at Janos (1685) in Chihuahua and at Fronteras (1690) in northern Opata country. In 1835, Mexico had placed a bounty on Apache scalps. Two years later Mangas Coloradas or Dasoda-hae (Red Sleeves) became principal chief and war leader and began a series of retaliatory raids against the Mexicans. Apache raids on Mexican villages were so numerous and brutal that no area was safe.

While Geronimo said he was never a chief, he was a military leader. As a Chiricahua Apache, this meant he was also a spiritual leader. He consistently urged raids and war upon many Mexican and later U.S. groups.

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Native American Heritage Sitting Bull

Digital ID: cph 3a14645. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-12276 (b&w film copy neg.) , LC-USZ62-122855 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,473 kilobytes) Unedited Image (35253 bytes)

Additional versions and related images. Digital ID: cph 3c22855. Source: b&w film copy neg. Medium resolution JPEG version (24 kilobytes), Retrieve higher resolution JPEG version (68 kilobytes), Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (12 megabytes)

TITLE: [Sitting Bull, half-length portrait, seated, facing front, holding calumet]. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12940. [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-12276 (b&w film copy neg.) LC-USZ62-122855 (b&w film copy neg.) MEDIUM: 1 photographic print on cabinet card mount. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1881.

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

CREATOR: Goff, O. S. (Orlando Scott), 1843-1917, photographer. NOTES: 1263(?) U.S. Copyright Office. On verso: O.S. Goff, Bismarck, D.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a14645 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a14645. (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c22855 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c22855. VIDEO FRAME ID: LCPP003A-14645 (from b&w film copy neg.) CONTROL #: 99402403

Sitting Bull From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sitting Bull (Sioux: Tatanka Iyotake or Tatanka Iyotanka or Ta-Tanka I-Yotank, first named Slon-he, (Slow), (c. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota medicine man and holy man. He is notable in American and Native American history in large part for his major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Custer’s 7th Cavalry, where his premonition of defeating them became reality. Even today, his name is synonymous with Native American culture, and he is considered to be one of the most famous Native Americans in history.

The Battle of Killdeer Mountain struck a significant blow against Native American resistance, and many chiefs gave up the fight and went to reservations. Sitting Bull refused to surrender and rose to be a tribal leader, leading his warriors in a siege against the newly-constructed Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. This action won him respect among the tribe, and he became head chief of the Lakota nation in c. 1868. During this period, white settlers, miners, farmers, missionaries, railroad workers, and military personnel began to expand the United States, and Native Americans were increasingly being forced from their tribal lands.

Sitting Bull, who was a medicine man, began to work toward uniting his people against this invasion. Like many tribal leaders, Sitting Bull first attempted to make peace and trade with the whites. However, many of the men the Lakota encountered would trick them into accepting poor deals for their lands and produce, which created resentment amongst the tribes. After the discovery of gold in 1876 in the Black Hills, his people were driven from their reservation in the area, a place that the Sioux considered holy. Sitting Bull took up arms against the whites and refused to be transported to the Indian territory.

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Native American Heritage Hollow Horn Bear

Digital ID: cph 3b01642. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-53674 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,757 kilobytes) TITLE: Hollow Horn Bear--Brulé, CALL NUMBER: LOT 12319 [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-53674 (b&w film copy neg.)

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

SUMMARY: Hollow Horn Bear, bust portrait, facing front. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1907 December 26. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

NOTES: H104298 U.S. Copyright Office. Curtis no. 2465-07. (EXPIRED) Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, Suppl., v. 3, pl. 82.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3b01642 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3b01642 CONTROL #: 2002719670

Sioux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Sioux (IPA /su/) are a Native American and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects. The Sioux comprise three major divisions based on dialect and subculture:

* Isanti ("Knife," originating from the name of a lake in present-day Minnesota): residing in the extreme east of the Dakotas, Minnesota, and northern Iowa, and are often referred to as the Santee or Dakota.

* Ihanktowan-Ihanktowana ("Village-at-the-end" and "little village-at-the-end"): residing in the Minnesota River area, they are considered to be the middle Sioux, and are often referred to as the Yankton or Nakota.

* Teton (“Dwellers on the Prairie”): the westernmost Sioux, known for their hunting and warrior culture, and are often referred to as the Lakota.

Today, the Sioux maintain many separate tribal governments scattered across several reservations and communities in the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and also in Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada.

The historical Sioux referred to the Great Sioux Nation as the Oceti Sakowin (pronunciation: "Oh-SHAY-tee SHAW-ko-ween"), meaning "Seven Council Fires". Each fire represented a tiyospaye (family or band). The seven nations that comprise the Sioux are: Mdewakanton, Wahpetowan (Wahpeton), Wahpekute, Sissetowan (Sisseton), the Ihantowan (Yankton), Ihanktowana (Yanktonai), and the Teton (Lakota). Historically, the Seven Council Fires would assemble each summer to hold council, renew kinships, decide tribal matters and hold the Sun Dance. The seven divisions would select four leaders known as Wicasa Yatapicka from among the leaders of each division. Being one of the four leaders was considered the highest honor for a leader; however, the once-a-year gathering meant the majority of tribal administration was cared for by the usual leaders of each division. The last meeting of the seven council fires was in 1850.

Today it is preferable to refer to the Teton, Isanti, or Ihanktowan/Ihanktowana as either Lakota, Dakota, or Nakota respectively. In any of the three main dialects, "Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota" all translate to mean "friend," or more properly, "ally." Usage of Lakota, Dakota, or Nakota may then refer to the alliance that once bound the Great Sioux Nation together.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Sioux

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California Wild Fires

This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its author, Nerval at the English Wikipedia project. This applies worldwide. In case this is not legally possible: Nerval grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

Description: Nerval took this shot on top of topanga, that's how the valley seemed under the fires. The city was under smoke though (that's where his house is). High Resolution Image (1440 × 900 pixel, file size: 99 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

U.S. Department of the Interior. Disclaimer: Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline, photo, image credit is requested.

Surprise Valley Fire Station is an Interagency Station, home to Bereau of Land Management Engine 3236, BLM Engine 3237 and BIA Engine 1. The primary mission for the fire suppression crew is to protect life, property and natural resources from wildfire. Engine 3236 and 3237 are responsible for the protection of more than 1.5 million acres of BLM managed land.

BLM crews work closely with other agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and the Surprise Valley Volunteer Fire Departments, in protecting several thousand acres of private lands in Northeast California and Northwest Nevada. BLM suppression crews respond to a variety of calls including wildland fires, structure fires, vehicle fires and vehicle accidents. California Wild Fires, Surprise Field Office Fire Suppression Program

October 23, 2007 - The fire situation in southern California remains critical where 12 uncontained large fires have burned more than 335,000 acres. Hundreds of homes and commercial buildings throughout the area have been damaged or destroyed. The Santa Ana winds continue to be a challenge as firefighters work to contain these blazes.

Weather Discussion: Dry and windy conditions will continue in southern California through Wednesday. A strong Santa Ana wind event will continue to impact the southern California mountains, valleys and coastal areas through Wednesday, with strongest winds tapering off by Tuesday afternoon. Dry windy conditions will develop over eastern and southern New Mexico into northwest Texas. Much of the East will see precipitation through Wednesday.

Source: National Interagency Coordination Center

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Native American Heritage Month Calling a Moose

Digital ID: cph 3c23167. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-123167 (b&w film copy neg.). Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve unedited JPEG version (149 kilobytes) TITLE: Calling a moose on a birch-bark trumpet;--Cree. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12324 [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-123167 (b&w film copy neg.). SUMMARY: Cree man in woods blowing horn.

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1927. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer. NOTES:

J295121 U.S. Copyright Office. Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, v. 18, p. 16.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c23167 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c23167. CONTROL #: 99404777

Cree From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cree are an indigenous people of North America who occupy an area from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean in both Canada and the United States. They now constitute the largest group of First Nations people in Canada and are referred to as Native Americans in the United States. The Cree language is an Algonquian language and was once the most widely spoken in northern North America. Currently, however, not all Crees speak Cree fluently and English is more commonly used in Cree communities in the United States, Western Canada and Ontario. In Quebec, however, almost all Crees speak fluent Cree; English and French are nevertheless used in the work place, public administration, and for external relations.

Skilled buffalo hunters and horsemen, the Cree were allied to the Assiniboine of the Sioux before encountering English and French settlers in the 16th century.

Presently, the remaining Cree in the United States live on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation which is shared with the Chippewa.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Cree

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Native American Heritage Month Maricopa Tribe

Digital ID: cph 3c01181. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-101181 (b&w film copy neg.) Retrieve unedited JPEG version (136 kilobytes) Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (12 megabytes) TITLE: [Saguaro gatherers, Maricopa tribe]. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12312-E [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-101181 (b&w film copy neg.). SUMMARY: Three Maricopa women with baskets on their heads, standing by Saguaro cacti.

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1907, c1907. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer. NOTES: H99646 U.S. Copyright Office. Edward S. Curtis Collection. Curtis no. X2206-07.

FORMAT: Photographic prints 1900-1910. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c01181 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c01181 CONTROL #: 90710181

Maricopa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Maricopa, or Piipaash, are a Native American ethnic group who live in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community along with the Pima, a tribe with whom the Maricopa have long held a positive relationship. They formerly consisted of small groups of people situated on the banks of the Colorado River that came together in the 19th century. Their heritage language is Maricopa.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Maricopa

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Native American Heritage Month Apache Still Life

Digital ID: cph 3c30198. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-130198 (b&w film copy neg.). Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve unedited JPEG version (168 kilobytes)

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

TITLE: Apache still life [A]. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12310-A [item] [P&P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-130198 (b&w film copy neg.). RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office. SUMMARY: Nine containers: baskets, bowls, and jars.

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1907. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer. NOTES: H104255 U.S. Copyright Office. Curtis no. 1950-07. Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress).

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c30198 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c30198 CONTROL #: 2002695462

Apache From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Apache is the collective name for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States.

These indigenous peoples of North America speak a Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) language, and are related linguistically to the Athabaskan speakers of Alaska and western Canada. The modern term Apache excludes the related Navajo people. However, the Navajo and the other Apache groups are clearly related through culture and language and thus are considered Apachean. Apachean peoples formerly ranged over eastern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, New Mexico, parts of Texas, and a small group on the plains.

There was little political unity among the Apachean groups. The groups spoke seven different languages. The current division of Apachean groups includes the Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Plains Apache (formerly Kiowa-Apache). Apache groups are now in Oklahoma and Texas and on reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Many Navajo reside on a 16-million acre reservation in the Four Corners region of the United States. Some Apacheans have moved to large metropolitan areas, such as New York City.

The Apachean tribes were historically very powerful, constantly at enmity with the Spaniards and Mexicans for centuries. The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. The U.S. Army, in their various confrontations, found them to be fierce warriors and skillful strategists.

The warfare between Apachean peoples and Euro-Americans has led to a stereotypical focus on certain aspects of Apachean cultures that are often distorted through misperception as noted by anthropologist Keith Basso (1983: 462):

"Of the hundreds of peoples that lived and flourished in native North America, few have been so consistently misrepresented as the Apacheans of Arizona and New Mexico. Glorified by novelists, sensationalized by historians, and distorted beyond credulity by commercial film makers, the popular image of 'the Apache' — a brutish, terrifying semihuman bent upon wanton death and destruction — is almost entirely a product of irresponsible caricature and exaggeration. Indeed, there can be little doubt that the Apache has been transformed from a native American into an American legend, the fanciful and fallacious creation of a non-Indian citizenry whose inability to recognize the massive treachery of ethnic and cultural stereotypes has been matched only by its willingness to sustain and inflate them."

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Apache

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Native American Heritage Month Two Tepees

Digital ID: cph 3c01262. Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-101262. (b&w film copy neg.) Retrieve unedited JPEG version (60 kilobytes) TITLE: At the water's edge--Piegan, CALL NUMBER: LOT 12322-C [P&P] REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-101262 (b&w film copy neg.) SUMMARY: Two tepees reflected in water of pond, with four Piegan Indians seated in front of one tepee.

Rights Information: Publication and other forms of distribution: Permitted. Photographs in this collection were deposited for copyright between 1899 and 1929. Works copyrighted before 1923 are now in the public domain. The copyright for the works after 1923 was not renewed, so they are also in the public domain. (See the Copyright Office's Circular 1, "Copyright Basics," page 6).

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Edward S. Curtis Collection, [reproduction number, e.g., LC-USZ62-123456]

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: 1910, c1910. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

NOTES: J150133 U.S. Copyright Office. Edward S. Curtis Collection. Curtis no. 3235-10. Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30 suppl., v. 6, p. 195.

FORMAT: Photographic prints 1910. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c01262 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c01262. CONTROL #: 90710666

Algonquian peoples From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American Native groups, with tribes originally numbering in the hundreds, and hundreds of thousands who still identify with various Algonquian peoples. This grouping consists of peoples that speak Algonquian languages.

Before European contact, most Algonquians lived by hunting and fishing, although quite a few supplemented their diet by cultivating corn, beans, squash, and (particularly among the Ojibwe) wild rice.

The Algonquians of New England (who spoke eastern Algonquian) practiced a seasonal economy. The basic social unit was the village of a few hundred people related by a kinship structure. Villages were temporary and mobile. They moved to locations of greatest natural food supply, often breaking into smaller units or recombining as the circumstances required. This custom resulted in a certain degree of cross-tribal mobility, especially in troubled times.

In warm weather, villages were constructed of light wigwams for portability. In the winter more solid long houses were used, in which more than one clan could reside. Food supplies were cached in more permanent, semi-subterranean buildings.

In the spring, when the fish were spawning, the natives left their winter camps to build light villages at coastal locations and waterfalls. In March they caught smelt in nets and weirs, moving about in birchbark canoes. In April they netted alewife, sturgeon and salmon. In May they caught cod with hook and line in the ocean, and trout, smelt, striped bass and flounder in the estuaries and streams. They put out to sea and hunted whales, porpoises, walruses and seals. The women and children gathered scallops, mussels, clams and crabs, all dishes in New England today.

In April through October, they hunted migratory birds and their eggs: Canada geese, brant, mourning doves and others. In July and August they gathered strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and nuts. In September they split into small groups and moved up the streams to the forest. There they hunted beaver, caribou, moose and white-tailed deer.

In December when the snows began they recombined in winter camps in sheltered locations, where they built or reconstructed long houses. February and March were lean times. They relied on cached food, especially in southern New England. Northerners had a policy of going hungry for several days at a time. It is hypothesized that this policy kept the population down according to Liebig’s law. The northerners were food gatherers only.

The southern Algonquians of New England relied predominantly on slash-and-burn agriculture. Fields were cleared by burning for one or two years of cultivation, after which the village moved to another location. This habit is the reason why the English found the region cleared and ready for planting. The native corn (maize), of which they planted various kinds, beans and squash improved the diet to such a degree that the southerners reached a density of 287 persons per square hundred miles, as opposed to 41 in the north.

Even with this mobile form of crop rotation, southern villages were necessarily less mobile than northern. The natives continued their seasonal occupation but tended to move into fixed villages near their lands. Society made the adjustment partially by developing a gender-oriented division of labor. The women farmed and the men fished and hunted.

By the year 1600, a convenient terminus for the relatively unstressed native economy and society, the indigenous population of New England had reached, it is estimated, 70,000–100,000.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Algonquian peoples

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Thomas Edison

Digital ID: cph 3c05139 Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-105139 (b&w film copy neg.) Retrieve unedited JPEG version (69 kilobytes) TITLE: [Thomas Alva Edison, three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front]. CALL NUMBER: BIOG FILE - Edison, Thomas Alva, 1847-1931 - Portraits - By date - 1922 [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-105139 (b&w film copy neg.). MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1922. NOTES: J259124 U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright by Bachrach. (EXPIRED)

Works published prior to 1978 were copyright protected for a maximum of 75 years. See Circular 1 "COPYRIGHT BASICS" PDF from the U.S. Copyright Office. Works published before 1923 (THIS IMAGE) are now in the public domain.

DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3c05139 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3c05139. CONTROL #: 92522138

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-105139]

Thomas Edison From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and a long lasting light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,093 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France and Germany.

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio and was raised in Port Huron, Michigan. He was the seventh and last child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) (born in Marshalltown, Nova Scotia, Canada) and Nancy Matthews Edison nee Elliott (1810–1871). His family was of Dutch origin.

In school, the young Edison's mind often wandered, and his teacher the Reverend Engle was overheard calling him "addled." This ended Edison's three months of official schooling. He recalled later, "My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint." His mother then home schooled him. Much of his education came from reading R.G. Parker's School of Natural Philosophy.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article, Thomas Edison

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Native American Heritage Month Sioux Chiefs

Digital ID: cph 3g12466. Source: digital file from color film copy transparency. Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-12466 (color film copy transparency) , LC-USZ62-90800 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve unedited JPEG version (146 kilobytes)

Additional versions and related images. Digital ID: cph 3b37149. Source: digital file from b&w film copy neg. Medium resolution JPEG version (41 kilobytes). Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,640 kilobytes).

TITLE: Sioux chiefs. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12319 [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZC4-12466 (color film copy transparency). LC-USZ62-90800 (b&w film copy neg.). RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication.

SUMMARY: Photograph shows three Native Americans on horseback. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1905. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

NOTES: H66971 U.S. Copyright Office. Title from item. Copyright by Edward S. Curtis. (EXPIRED). Curtis no.1452-05. Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress).

Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, Suppl. vol. 3, pl. 79.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (digital file from color film copy transparency) cph 3g12466 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3g12466, (digital file from b&w film copy neg.) cph 3b37149 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3b37149, CONTROL #: 96515425

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZC4-12466]

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.

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Native American Heritage Month Atsina Warriors

Digital ID: cph 3a41783, Source: b&w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-41457 (b&w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,745 kilobytes)

TITLE: Atsina warriors. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12322-A [item] [P&P]. REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-41457 (b&w film copy neg.)

RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.

SUMMARY: Several Atsina warriors on horseback some with feathered staffs and one with a headdress. MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1908 November 19. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

NOTES: H1186(?)08 U.S. Copyright Office. Curtis no. 2936-08. Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, Suppl., v. 5, pl. 179.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a41783 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3a41783 . CONTROL #: 2002722450

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-41457]

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.

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Native American Heritage On the war path

On the war path -- Atsina. CALL NUMBER: LOT 12322-A [item] [P and P], REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZ62-59000 (b and w film copy neg.), RIGHTS INFORMATION: No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office. SUMMARY: Small band of Atsina men on horseback, some carrying staffs with feathers, one wearing a war bonnet.

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print. CREATED, PUBLISHED: c1908 November 19. CREATOR: Curtis, Edward S., 1868-1952, photographer.

Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, LC-USZ62-59000]

MARC Record Line 540 - No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.

Digital ID: cph 3b06794. Source: b and w film copy neg. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-59000, (b and w film copy neg.) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieve uncompressed archival TIFF version (1,755 kilobytes) Unedited Image

Native American On the war path

NOTES: H118610 U.S. Copyright Office. Curtis no. 2938-08. Forms part of: Edward S. Curtis Collection (Library of Congress). Published in: The North American Indian / Edward S. Curtis. [Seattle, Wash.] : Edward S. Curtis, 1907-30, Suppl., v. 5, pl. 173.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. DIGITAL ID: (b and w film copy neg.) cph 3b06794 hdl.loc.gov/cph.3b06794. CONTROL #: 2002722348

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